Abstract
Salinity, caused by irrigation with water containing high salt concentrations, excessive fertilization, or the loss of leaching capacity in some soils, is a serious problem on a global scale. Its incidence leads to osmotic and specific effects, as well as an imbalance in nutrient uptake that hinders the growth of most crops. Biostimulants can improve salt tolerance by reducing the uptake and accumulation of toxic ions. Corn steep liquor (CSL) is a byproduct of corn cleaning and maceration. This study investigates whether CSL application induces adaptive responses in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) plants cultivated under saline conditions. Four treatments were carried out with pepper plants in a culture chamber: irrigation with Hoagland nutrient solution; irrigation with 100 mM NaCl in the Hoagland nutrient solution; irrigation with 100 mM NaCl in the Hoagland nutrient solution and the foliar application of CSL at 5 mL L−1 every 7 days; and irrigation with 100 mM NaCl in the Hoagland nutrient solution and root application of CSL at 5 mL L−1 every 7 days. The beneficial effect of CSL in reducing the phytotoxicity of salt stress was found to be due to an improvement in the photosynthetic efficiency and a reduction in the generation of reactive oxygen species. Thus, the increase in MDA concentration due to saline treatment is less when applying CSL, which is 3.5 times less when it is performed via the foliar route and 4.6 times if the treatment is on the root. The results show that CSL application increased the aerial biomass and leaf area under saline conditions through physiological mechanisms that varied depending on the application method.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
CSL application increased aerial biomass and leaf area of pepper under saline conditions.
- Taxon
- pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)
Capsicum annuume1 - Treatment
- CSL applicatione3
- Outcome
- aerial biomass and leaf areae3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Comparator
- irrigation with 100 mM NaCl in the Hoagland nutrient solutione2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“This study investigates whether CSL application induces adaptive responses in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) plants cultivated under saline conditions”
e2“Four treatments were carried out with pepper plants in a culture chamber: irrigation with Hoagland nutrient solution; irrigation with 100 mM NaCl in the Hoagland nutrient solution”
e3“The results show that CSL application increased the aerial biomass and leaf area under saline conditions through physiological mechanisms that varied depending on the application method”
Claim · model-written summary
CSL improved the photosynthetic efficiency of salt-stressed pepper.
- Taxon
- pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)Capsicum annuume1
- Treatment
- CSLe4
- Outcome
- photosynthetic efficiencye4
- Direction
- improvemente4
- Comparator
- irrigation with 100 mM NaCl in the Hoagland nutrient solutione2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“This study investigates whether CSL application induces adaptive responses in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) plants cultivated under saline conditions”
e2“Four treatments were carried out with pepper plants in a culture chamber: irrigation with Hoagland nutrient solution; irrigation with 100 mM NaCl in the Hoagland nutrient solution”
e4“The beneficial effect of CSL in reducing the phytotoxicity of salt stress was found to be due to an improvement in the photosynthetic efficiency and a reduction in the generation of reactive oxygen species”
Claim · model-written summary
CSL reduced the generation of reactive oxygen species in salt-stressed pepper.
- Taxon
- pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)Capsicum annuume1
- Treatment
- CSLe4
- Outcome
- generation of reactive oxygen speciese4
- Direction
- reductione4
- Comparator
- irrigation with 100 mM NaCl in the Hoagland nutrient solutione2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“This study investigates whether CSL application induces adaptive responses in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) plants cultivated under saline conditions”
e2“Four treatments were carried out with pepper plants in a culture chamber: irrigation with Hoagland nutrient solution; irrigation with 100 mM NaCl in the Hoagland nutrient solution”
e4“The beneficial effect of CSL in reducing the phytotoxicity of salt stress was found to be due to an improvement in the photosynthetic efficiency and a reduction in the generation of reactive oxygen species”
Claim · model-written summary
The increase in MDA concentration under salinity was 3.5 times less with foliar CSL application.
- Taxon
- pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)Capsicum annuume1
- Treatment
- foliar routee5
- Outcome
- MDA concentratione5
- Direction
- lesse5
- Value
- 3.5 times lesse5
- Comparator
- saline treatmente5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“This study investigates whether CSL application induces adaptive responses in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) plants cultivated under saline conditions”
e5“the increase in MDA concentration due to saline treatment is less when applying CSL, which is 3.5 times less when it is performed via the foliar route and 4.6 times if the treatment is on the root”
Claim · model-written summary
The increase in MDA concentration under salinity was 4.6 times less with CSL applied to the root.
- Taxon
- pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)Capsicum annuume1
- Treatment
- on the roote5
- Outcome
- MDA concentratione5
- Direction
- lesse5
- Value
- 4.6 timese5
- Comparator
- saline treatmente5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“This study investigates whether CSL application induces adaptive responses in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) plants cultivated under saline conditions”
e5“the increase in MDA concentration due to saline treatment is less when applying CSL, which is 3.5 times less when it is performed via the foliar route and 4.6 times if the treatment is on the root”
The same questions in other papers
Zea mays subsp. mays · growth · Capsicum annuum (sweet pepper)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
application · physiology: oxidative · Capsicum annuum (sweet pepper)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.