Abstract
Root-knot nematodes ( Meloidogyne spp.) are highly evolved obligate parasites threatening global food security. These parasites have a remarkable ability to establish elaborate feeding sites in roots, which are their only source of nutrients throughout their life cycle. A wide range of nematode effectors have been implicated in modulation of host pathways for defense suppression and/or feeding site development. Plants produce a diverse array of peptide hormones including PLANT PEPTIDE CONTAINING SULFATED TYROSINE (PSY)-family peptides, which promote root growth via cell expansion and proliferation. A sulfated PSY-like peptide RaxX (required for activation of XA21 mediated immunity X) produced by the biotrophic bacterial pathogen ( Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae ) has been previously shown to contribute to bacterial virulence. Here, we report the identification of genes from root-knot nematodes predicted to encode PSY-like peptides (MigPSYs) with high sequence similarity to both bacterial RaxX and plant PSYs. Synthetic sulfated peptides corresponding to predicted MigPSYs stimulate root growth in Arabidopsis. MigPSY transcript levels are highest early in the infection cycle. Downregulation of MigPSY gene expression reduces root galling and egg production, suggesting that the MigPSYs serve as nematode virulence factors. Together, these results indicate that nematodes and bacteria exploit similar sulfated peptides to hijack plant developmental signaling pathways to facilitate parasitism.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Root-knot nematodes carry genes predicted to encode PSY-like peptides similar to bacterial RaxX and plant PSYs.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsise1 - Interactor
- root-knot nematodes
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=60)
Meloidogynee0parasite - Gene
- MigPSYse0
- Outcome
- PSY-like peptides (MigPSYs) with high sequence similarity to both bacterial RaxX and plant PSYse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“root-knot nematodes predicted to encode PSY-like peptides (MigPSYs) with high sequence similarity to both bacterial RaxX and plant PSYs”
e1“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Synthetic sulfated MigPSY peptides stimulated Arabidopsis root growth.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Organ / stage
- roote0
- Treatment
- Synthetic sulfated peptides corresponding to predicted MigPSYse0
- Gene
- MigPSYse0
- Outcome
- root growthe0
- Direction
- stimulatee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Synthetic sulfated peptides corresponding to predicted MigPSYs stimulate root growth in Arabidopsis.”
Claim · model-written summary
MigPSY transcript levels were highest early in the infection cycle.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Gene
- MigPSYe0
- Outcome
- MigPSY transcript levelse0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Qualifier
- early in the infection cyclee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MigPSY transcript levels are highest early in the infection cycle.”
e1“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Downregulating MigPSY gene expression reduced root galling.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Treatment
- Downregulation of MigPSY gene expressione0
- Gene
- MigPSYe0
- Outcome
- root gallinge0
- Direction
- reducese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Downregulation of MigPSY gene expression reduces root galling and egg production”
e1“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Downregulating MigPSY gene expression reduced nematode egg production.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Treatment
- Downregulation of MigPSY gene expressione0
- Interactor
- Root-knot nematodes ( Meloidogyne spp.)Meloidogynee2parasite
- Outcome
- egg productione0
- Direction
- reducese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Downregulation of MigPSY gene expression reduces root galling and egg production”
e1“Arabidopsis”
e2“Root-knot nematodes ( Meloidogyne spp.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer that MigPSYs are nematode virulence factors that exploit plant developmental signaling.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise2
- Gene
- MigPSYse0
- Outcome
- hijack plant developmental signaling pathways to facilitate parasitisme1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“suggesting that the MigPSYs serve as nematode virulence factors.”
e1“nematodes and bacteria exploit similar sulfated peptides to hijack plant developmental signaling pathways to facilitate parasitism.”
e2“Arabidopsis”
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