Abstract
Downy mildew of cucurbits is very important disease worldwide. This investigation was carried out in order to achieve safe control method(s) to such disease. The obtained results courld be summarized as following: Pseudoperonospora cubensis is the causal organism of downy mildew disease of either cucumber or squash and it was first recorded in Egypt on watermelon at 1935. Spraying cucumber plants with the tested plant extracts reduced both percentage of infection (P.I.) and the disease severity (D.S.) in Comparison with the untreated control treatment, significantly. Yield production was also increased significantly. Thuja plant water extract showed the best efficiency in reducing the disease incidence, followed by clove one while black cumine plant extract showed the least efficiency. The application of the plant essential oils greatly reduced downy mildew disease of cucumber and squash cultivar, and increased yield production in comparison with the untreated control plants. Clove essential oil followed by mint one gave the best results. Application of the tested growth regulators to cucumber (Madaen cv.) and Squash (Aziad cv.) plants significantly reduced the disease incidence and improved yield production, in comparison with control, both at 2018-2019 and 2019-2020 growing seasons. In this request, Cytokinin and Gibberellin showed the best efficiency, while Auxin was the least effective one. Foliage fertilization with NPK fertilizers greatly affected cucumber and squash cultivar downy mildew diseases incidence and increased yield production compared to control, significantly. However, it was noticed that increasing nitrogen doses led to the increment of both (P.I.) and (D.S.). The best yield production was obtained when the highest level of potassium was applied. Application of Cabriodio 11.2% fungicide suppressed the disease incidence, completely. In the meantime, high increment of yield production was obtained, compared to the other treatments. Growth characteristics of squash plants i.e., plant height, leaf area, root length, shoot length, plant fresh weight and plant dry weight were significantly increased in response to the application of any tested control methods compared to the untreated control plants. 10. Total water content (TWC), relative water content (RWC) and transpiration rate of squash plants were remarkably increased in response to the application of either Gibberellin, black cumin oil, clove oil (10%), mint oil (5%), Thuja extract and/or the fungicide in comparison with the untreated control. 11. Application of the disease control methods to squash plants increased chlorophyll, total sugars content and proline concentration compared to the untreated control plants. 12. Chemical analysis of N. sativa essential oil indicate that this oil mainly contained vanillic acid (89.94 mg/ml) and gallic acid (29.59 mg/ml). 13. Peppermint oil contained gallic acid (18.6 mg/ml) and caffeic acid (4.8 mg/ml). 14. Clove essential oil has high amount of eugenol (72.72 mg/ml), eugenol acetate (2.1 mg/ml), guaicol (4.16 mg/ml) and methyl quaiacol (9.79 mg/ml). 15. Thuja plant water extract contained tannic acid (38.16 mg/100 g sample) and catechin (33.54 mg/100 gm). 16. The most frequently present compounds in clove plant extract was eugenol (79.72 mg/100 g sample) and limonin (3.52 mg/100 g sample).
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Pseudoperonospora cubensis was identified as the cause of cucumber downy mildew.
- Taxon
- cucumber
Cucumis sativuse0 - Interactor
- Pseudoperonospora cubensis
Pseudoperonospora cubensise0pathogen - Outcome
- causal organism of downy mildew diseasee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pseudoperonospora cubensis is the causal organism of downy mildew disease of either cucumber or squash”
Claim · model-written summary
Pseudoperonospora cubensis was identified as the cause of squash downy mildew.
- Taxon
- squashe0
- Interactor
- Pseudoperonospora cubensisPseudoperonospora cubensise0pathogen
- Outcome
- causal organism of downy mildew diseasee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pseudoperonospora cubensis is the causal organism of downy mildew disease of either cucumber or squash”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant extract sprays significantly reduced cucumber downy mildew infection percentage and severity.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- tested plant extractse0
- Interactor
- Pseudoperonospora cubensisPseudoperonospora cubensise1pathogent0
- Outcome
- percentage of infection (P.I.) and the disease severity (D.S.)e0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- untreated control treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Spraying cucumber plants with the tested plant extracts reduced both percentage of infection (P.I.) and the disease severity (D.S.) in Comparison with the untreated control treatment, significantly”
t0“DOWNY MILDEW”
e1“Pseudoperonospora cubensis is the causal organism of downy mildew disease of either cucumber or squash”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant extract sprays significantly increased cucumber yield.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse1
- Treatment
- tested plant extractse1
- Outcome
- Yield productione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yield production was also increased significantly”
t0“CUCURBITS”
e1“Spraying cucumber plants with the tested plant extracts reduced both percentage of infection (P.I.) and the disease severity (D.S.) in Comparison with the untreated control treatment, significantly”
Claim · model-written summary
Thuja extract was most efficient against downy mildew, followed by clove and black cumine least.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse1
- Treatment
- Thuja plant water extracte0
- Outcome
- disease incidencee0
- Direction
- best efficiency in reducinge0
- Comparator
- clove onee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Thuja plant water extract showed the best efficiency in reducing the disease incidence, followed by clove one while black cumine plant extract showed the least efficiency”
t0“CUCURBITS”
e1“Spraying cucumber plants with the tested plant extracts reduced both percentage of infection (P.I.) and the disease severity (D.S.) in Comparison with the untreated control treatment, significantly”
Claim · model-written summary
Essential oils reduced cucumber downy mildew and increased yield.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- plant essential oilse0
- Outcome
- downy mildew diseasee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- untreated control plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of the plant essential oils greatly reduced downy mildew disease of cucumber and squash cultivar, and increased yield production in comparison with the untreated control plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Essential oils reduced squash downy mildew.
Verbatim
e0“The application of the plant essential oils greatly reduced downy mildew disease of cucumber and squash cultivar, and increased yield production in comparison with the untreated control plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Essential oils increased cucumber and squash yield.
Verbatim
e0“increased yield production in comparison with the untreated control plants”
t0“CUCURBITS”
e1“The application of the plant essential oils greatly reduced downy mildew disease of cucumber and squash cultivar, and increased yield production in comparison with the untreated control plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Growth regulators reduced cucumber disease incidence and improved yield.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Material
- Madaen cv.e0
- Treatment
- tested growth regulatorse0
- Outcome
- disease incidencee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of the tested growth regulators to cucumber (Madaen cv.) and Squash (Aziad cv.) plants significantly reduced the disease incidence and improved yield production, in comparison with control”
Claim · model-written summary
Growth regulators reduced squash disease incidence and improved yield.
Verbatim
e0“Application of the tested growth regulators to cucumber (Madaen cv.) and Squash (Aziad cv.) plants significantly reduced the disease incidence and improved yield production, in comparison with control”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen dose increases raised infection percentage and disease severity.
Verbatim
e0“increasing nitrogen doses led to the increment of both (P.I.) and (D.S.)”
t0“CUCURBITS”
e1“The application of the plant essential oils greatly reduced downy mildew disease of cucumber and squash cultivar, and increased yield production in comparison with the untreated control plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Highest potassium level gave the best yield.
- Taxon
- cucumber and squashe1
- Treatment
- highest level of potassiume0
- Outcome
- yield productione0
- Direction
- beste0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The best yield production was obtained when the highest level of potassium was applied”
t0“CUCURBITS”
e1“The application of the plant essential oils greatly reduced downy mildew disease of cucumber and squash cultivar, and increased yield production in comparison with the untreated control plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Cabriodio fungicide completely suppressed downy mildew incidence.
- Taxon
- cucumber and squashe1
- Treatment
- Cabriodio 11.2% fungicidee0
- Outcome
- disease incidencee0
- Direction
- suppressede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Application of Cabriodio 11.2% fungicide suppressed the disease incidence, completely”
t0“CUCURBITS”
e1“The application of the plant essential oils greatly reduced downy mildew disease of cucumber and squash cultivar, and increased yield production in comparison with the untreated control plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Disease control methods significantly increased squash growth characteristics.
Verbatim
e0“Growth characteristics of squash plants i.e., plant height, leaf area, root length, shoot length, plant fresh weight and plant dry weight were significantly increased in response to the application of any tested control methods compared to the untreated control plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Control treatments raised squash water content and transpiration.
Verbatim
e0“Total water content (TWC), relative water content (RWC) and transpiration rate of squash plants were remarkably increased in response to the application of either Gibberellin, black cumin oil, clove oil (10%), mint oil (5%), Thuja extract and/or the fungicide in comparison with the untreated control”
Claim · model-written summary
Disease control methods increased squash chlorophyll, sugar and proline.
Verbatim
e0“Application of the disease control methods to squash plants increased chlorophyll, total sugars content and proline concentration compared to the untreated control plants”
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See all 11 papers →8 of 17 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.