Abstract
Abstract Drought and heat are severe environmental stresses that constantly affect plant growth and development. Maize ( Zea mays L.) is known for its sensitivity to abiotic stresses, which often causes significant yield losses. With plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), the harmful effects of drought and heat stress on plants can be alleviated. The aim of the present study was to investigate the physiological traits of plants affected by drought stress in a treatment including four PGPR bacteria, two regimes of irrigation and two stages of phenophases, and the analysis of the influence of the individual factors and their combined effects, respectively. In addition, the investigations covered the testing of the nutrient acquisition ability and nutrient use efficiency, the plant growth stimulating effect of PGPR bacteria, and the analysis of the performance trials. The largest amount of soluble orthophosphate was produced by Pseudomonas putida (51.636 µg/cm 3 ). This is significantly more than the amount of phosphate solubilized by Bacillus pumilus (15.601 µg/cm3), Pseudomonas fluorescens (14.817 µg/cm3) and Bacillus megaterium (14.621 µg/cm3). The germination vigour of the seedlings in the treatment with Pseudomonas putida was 55% higher, represented by the value of 15,237.125, in comparison with the control, with the value of 9792.188. The Pseudomonas putida treatment resulted in the most outstanding fresh/dry weight ratio (7.312) compared to the control (7.780), when the interaction between all factors was taken into account under stressed conditions at 50% female flowering stage. The highest dry matter content of the plants (18.344%) compared to the control (17.344%) was measured in the case of the Pseudomonas putida treatment during the milk stage of development under stressed conditions. In the field trial, the plants treated with KD2 ( Bacillus pumilus and Pseudomonas putida ) presented significantly higher results in the aspect of grain yield (6.278 t/ha) compared to the control (5.468 t/ha).
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Pseudomonas putida produced the largest amount of soluble orthophosphate (51.636 µg/cm3), significantly more than Bacillus pumilus.
- Taxon
- Pseudomonas putida
Pseudomonas putidae1 - Outcome
- soluble orthophosphatee1
- Direction
- moree2
- Value
- 51.636 µg/cm 3e1
- Qualifier
- 15.601 µg/cm3e2
- Comparator
- Bacillus pumiluse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The largest amount of soluble orthophosphate was produced by Pseudomonas putida (51.636 µg/cm 3 )”
e2“significantly more than the amount of phosphate solubilized by Bacillus pumilus (15.601 µg/cm3)”
Claim · model-written summary
Pseudomonas putida solubilized significantly more orthophosphate than Pseudomonas fluorescens.
- Taxon
- Pseudomonas putidaPseudomonas putidae1
- Outcome
- soluble orthophosphatee1
- Direction
- moree2
- Value
- 51.636 µg/cm 3e1
- Qualifier
- 14.817 µg/cm3e2
- Comparator
- Pseudomonas fluorescense2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The largest amount of soluble orthophosphate was produced by Pseudomonas putida (51.636 µg/cm 3 )”
e2“significantly more than the amount of phosphate solubilized by Bacillus pumilus (15.601 µg/cm3), Pseudomonas fluorescens (14.817 µg/cm3)”
Claim · model-written summary
Pseudomonas putida solubilized significantly more orthophosphate than Bacillus megaterium.
- Taxon
- Pseudomonas putidaPseudomonas putidae1
- Outcome
- soluble orthophosphatee1
- Direction
- moree2
- Value
- 51.636 µg/cm 3e1
- Qualifier
- 14.621 µg/cm3e2
- Comparator
- Bacillus megateriume2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The largest amount of soluble orthophosphate was produced by Pseudomonas putida (51.636 µg/cm 3 )”
e2“significantly more than the amount of phosphate solubilized by Bacillus pumilus (15.601 µg/cm3), Pseudomonas fluorescens (14.817 µg/cm3) and Bacillus megaterium (14.621 µg/cm3)”
Claim · model-written summary
Germination vigour of maize seedlings treated with Pseudomonas putida was 55% higher than the control.
- Treatment
- treatment with Pseudomonas putidae1
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas putidaPseudomonas putidae1other
- Outcome
- germination vigour of the seedlingse1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 55%e1
- Comparator
- controle1
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The germination vigour of the seedlings in the treatment with Pseudomonas putida was 55% higher, represented by the value of 15,237.125, in comparison with the control”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Under stressed conditions at the 50% female flowering stage, the Pseudomonas putida treatment gave the most outstanding fresh/dry weight ratio (7.312) compared with the control.
- Organ / stage
- 50% female flowering stagee1
- Treatment
- Pseudomonas putida treatmente1
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas putidaPseudomonas putidae1other
- Outcome
- fresh/dry weight ratioe1
- Direction
- most outstandinge1
- Value
- 7.312e1
- Qualifier
- stressed conditionse1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The Pseudomonas putida treatment resulted in the most outstanding fresh/dry weight ratio (7.312) compared to the control (7.780), when the interaction between all factors was taken into account under stressed conditions at 50% female flowering stage”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest dry matter content of the plants (18.344%) was measured with the Pseudomonas putida treatment at the milk stage under stressed conditions, compared with the control.
- Organ / stage
- milk stage of developmente1
- Treatment
- Pseudomonas putida treatmente1
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas putidaPseudomonas putidae1other
- Outcome
- dry matter contente1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 18.344%e1
- Qualifier
- stressed conditionse1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The highest dry matter content of the plants (18.344%) compared to the control (17.344%) was measured in the case of the Pseudomonas putida treatment during the milk stage of development under stressed conditions”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
In the field trial, maize treated with KD2 (Bacillus pumilus and Pseudomonas putida) had significantly higher grain yield (6.278 t/ha) than the control (5.468 t/ha).
- Treatment
- KD2 ( Bacillus pumilus and Pseudomonas putida )e1
- Interactor
- Bacillus pumilusBacillus pumiluse1other
- Second interactor
- Pseudomonas putidaPseudomonas putidae1other
- Outcome
- grain yielde1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 6.278 t/hae1
- Qualifier
- 5.468 t/hae1
- Comparator
- controle1
- Setting
- field triale1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“In the field trial, the plants treated with KD2 ( Bacillus pumilus and Pseudomonas putida ) presented significantly higher results in the aspect of grain yield (6.278 t/ha) compared to the control (5.468 t/ha)”
t0“maize”
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