Abstract
Crop plants face severe yield losses worldwide owing to their exposure to multiple abiotic stresses . The study described here, was conducted to comprehend the response of cucumber seedlings to drought (induced by 15% w/v polyethylene glycol 8000; PEG) and nickel (Ni) stress in presence or absence of titanium dioxide nanoparticle (nTiO 2 ). In addition, it was also investigated how nitrogen (N) and carbohydrate metabolism , as well as the defense system, are affected by endogenous potassium (K + ) and hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S). Cucumber seedlings were subjected to Ni stress and drought, which led to oxidative stress and triggered the defense system. Under the stress, N and carbohydrate metabolism were differentially affected. Supplementation of the stressed seedlings with nTiO 2 (15 mg L −1 ) enhanced the activity of antioxidant enzymes , ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) system and elevated N and carbohydrates metabolism. Application of nTiO 2 also enhanced the accumulation of phytochelatins and activity of the enzymes of glyoxalase system that provided additional protection against the metal and toxic methylglyoxal . Osmotic stress brought on by PEG and Ni, was countered by the increase of proline and carbohydrates levels, which helped the seedlings keep their optimal level of hydration. Application nTiO 2 improved the biosynthesis of H 2 S and K + retention through regulating Cys biosynthesis and H + -ATPase activity, respectively. Observed outcomes lead to the conclusion that nTiO 2 maintains redox homeostasis , and normal functioning of N and carbohydrates metabolism that resulted in the protection of cucumber seedlings against drought and Ni stress. Use of 20 mM tetraethylammonium chloride (K + - channel blocker), 500 μM sodium orthovanadate (PM H + -ATPase inhibitor), and 1 mM hypotaurine (H 2 S scavenger) demonstrate that endogenous K + and H 2 S were crucial for the nTiO 2 -induced modulation of plants' adaptive responses to the imposed stress.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Nickel and drought caused oxidative stress and triggered defense.
- Taxon
- Cucumber
Cucumis sativuse0 - Treatment
- Ni stress and droughte0
- Outcome
- oxidative stress and triggered the defense systeme0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cucumber seedlings were subjected to Ni stress and drought, which led to oxidative stress and triggered the defense system.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen and carbohydrate metabolism changed differentially under stress.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Outcome
- N and carbohydrate metabolisme0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under the stress, N and carbohydrate metabolism were differentially affected.”
t0“adaptive response to drought and nickel stress in cucumber”
Claim · model-written summary
Nanoparticles enhanced antioxidant enzymes and the AsA-GSH system.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- nTiO 2 (15 mg L −1 )e0
- Outcome
- activity of antioxidant enzymes , ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) systeme0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Supplementation of the stressed seedlings with nTiO 2 (15 mg L −1 ) enhanced the activity of antioxidant enzymes , ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) system and elevated N and carbohydrates metabolism.”
t0“adaptive response to drought and nickel stress in cucumber”
Claim · model-written summary
Nanoparticles elevated nitrogen and carbohydrate metabolism.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- nTiO 2 (15 mg L −1 )e0
- Outcome
- N and carbohydrates metabolisme0
- Direction
- elevatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Supplementation of the stressed seedlings with nTiO 2 (15 mg L −1 ) enhanced the activity of antioxidant enzymes , ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) system and elevated N and carbohydrates metabolism.”
t0“adaptive response to drought and nickel stress in cucumber”
Claim · model-written summary
Nanoparticles increased phytochelatin accumulation.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- nTiO 2e0
- Outcome
- accumulation of phytochelatinse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of nTiO 2 also enhanced the accumulation of phytochelatins and activity of the enzymes of glyoxalase system that provided additional protection against the metal and toxic methylglyoxal .”
t0“adaptive response to drought and nickel stress in cucumber”
Claim · model-written summary
Nanoparticles enhanced glyoxalase enzyme activity.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- nTiO 2e0
- Outcome
- activity of the enzymes of glyoxalase systeme0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of nTiO 2 also enhanced the accumulation of phytochelatins and activity of the enzymes of glyoxalase system that provided additional protection against the metal and toxic methylglyoxal .”
t0“adaptive response to drought and nickel stress in cucumber”
Claim · model-written summary
Proline and carbohydrate increases helped maintain hydration under stress.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Outcome
- optimal level of hydratione0
- Qualifier
- increase of proline and carbohydrates levelse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Osmotic stress brought on by PEG and Ni, was countered by the increase of proline and carbohydrates levels, which helped the seedlings keep their optimal level of hydration.”
t0“adaptive response to drought and nickel stress in cucumber”
Claim · model-written summary
Nanoparticles improved hydrogen sulfide biosynthesis through cysteine biosynthesis.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- nTiO 2e0
- Outcome
- biosynthesis of H 2 Se0
- Qualifier
- regulating Cys biosynthesise0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application nTiO 2 improved the biosynthesis of H 2 S and K + retention through regulating Cys biosynthesis and H + -ATPase activity, respectively.”
t0“adaptive response to drought and nickel stress in cucumber”
Claim · model-written summary
Nanoparticles improved potassium retention via H+-ATPase activity.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- nTiO 2e0
- Gene
- H + -ATPasee0
- Outcome
- K + retentione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application nTiO 2 improved the biosynthesis of H 2 S and K + retention through regulating Cys biosynthesis and H + -ATPase activity, respectively.”
t0“adaptive response to drought and nickel stress in cucumber”
Claim · model-written summary
Nanoparticles maintained redox homeostasis and metabolism, protecting seedlings.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- nTiO 2e0
- Outcome
- protection of cucumber seedlings against drought and Ni stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Observed outcomes lead to the conclusion that nTiO 2 maintains redox homeostasis , and normal functioning of N and carbohydrates metabolism that resulted in the protection of cucumber seedlings against drought and Ni stress.”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium channel blocking implicated potassium in nanoparticle induced adaptation.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- 20 mM tetraethylammonium chloridee0
- Compound
- endogenous K +e0
- Outcome
- plants' adaptive responses to the imposed stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Use of 20 mM tetraethylammonium chloride (K + - channel blocker), 500 μM sodium orthovanadate (PM H + -ATPase inhibitor), and 1 mM hypotaurine (H 2 S scavenger) demonstrate that endogenous K + and H 2 S were crucial for the nTiO 2 -induced modulation of plants' adaptive responses to the imposed stress.”
t0“adaptive response to drought and nickel stress in cucumber”
Claim · model-written summary
ATPase inhibition implicated potassium in nanoparticle induced adaptation.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- 500 μM sodium orthovanadatee0
- Compound
- endogenous K +e0
- Outcome
- plants' adaptive responses to the imposed stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Use of 20 mM tetraethylammonium chloride (K + - channel blocker), 500 μM sodium orthovanadate (PM H + -ATPase inhibitor), and 1 mM hypotaurine (H 2 S scavenger) demonstrate that endogenous K + and H 2 S were crucial for the nTiO 2 -induced modulation of plants' adaptive responses to the imposed stress.”
t0“adaptive response to drought and nickel stress in cucumber”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydrogen sulfide scavenging implicated hydrogen sulfide in nanoparticle induced adaptation.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- 1 mM hypotaurinee0
- Compound
- H 2 Se0
- Outcome
- plants' adaptive responses to the imposed stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Use of 20 mM tetraethylammonium chloride (K + - channel blocker), 500 μM sodium orthovanadate (PM H + -ATPase inhibitor), and 1 mM hypotaurine (H 2 S scavenger) demonstrate that endogenous K + and H 2 S were crucial for the nTiO 2 -induced modulation of plants' adaptive responses to the imposed stress.”
t0“adaptive response to drought and nickel stress in cucumber”
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