Abstract
The objectives were to evaluate the effects of increasing metal micronutrient concentrations and silicon (Si) concentrations on plant growth and susceptibility to Pythium root rot with hydroponically grown lettuce (Lactuca sativa). In the first experiment, lettuce was grown in hydroponic solutions with metal micronutrients iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) supplied at either 0, 2.5, 5, or 10 mg∙L−1. A standard commercial hydroponic solution was also included as a control, with metal micronutrients supplied at 2 Fe, 1 Mn, 0.5 Cu, and 0.5 Zn mg∙L−1. In the second experiment, hydroponic lettuce was grown with Si at 0, 7, 14, 28, and 56 mg∙L−1. Hydroponic treatment solutions for both experiments were either dosed with Pythium myriotylum (Pythium treatment) at 1.80 × 104 oospores per L or deionized water as a non-Pythium control. Data were collected on leaf SPAD chlorophyll content, shoot height and width, total plant fresh mass, and root disease severity. Increasing the Cu concentration in solution decreased Pythium disease severity but reduced lettuce growth and yield. Increasing the concentration of the other metal micronutrients also tended to reduce lettuce growth but had no significant influence on root disease. Supplementing the hydroponic solution with Si had no effect on Pythium root disease severity and slightly decreased lettuce growth at 56 mg∙L−1 Si. Results of this study suggest that the management of micronutrients and Si nutrition is not an effective strategy and, at best, a risky strategy for controlling Pythium in hydroponic lettuce. Growers would likely benefit from maintaining metal micronutrient and Si concentrations within the ranges of (in mg∙L−1) 0.5 to 5.5 for Fe, 0.1 to 2.0 for Mn, 0.1 to 0.6 for Cu, 0.1 to 0.6 for Zn, and 0 to 28 for Si for many hydroponic crops. Supplementing Si has the potential to negatively influence plant growth and quality for certain plant species, and testing is necessary to evaluate phytotoxicity risks prior to implementing in commercial practice. Overall, successful mitigation of root rot pathogens in commercial hydroponic production requires the combination of proper sanitation, best management and cultural practices, appropriate hydroponic system design, and the implementation of a water treatment system with proper design and a multi-barrier approach.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing Cu concentration in solution decreased Pythium disease severity in hydroponic lettuce.
- Taxon
- Lactuca sativa
Lactuca sativae0 - Treatment
- Increasing the Cu concentration in solutione1
- Outcome
- Pythium disease severitye1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Setting
- hydroponically growne0
.jpg?width=60){kind=small}
PythiumNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“hydroponically grown lettuce (Lactuca sativa)”
e1“Increasing the Cu concentration in solution decreased Pythium disease severity but reduced lettuce growth and yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing Cu concentration in solution reduced lettuce growth and yield.
- Taxon
- Lactuca sativaLactuca sativae0
- Treatment
- Increasing the Cu concentration in solutione1
- Outcome
- lettuce growth and yielde1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Setting
- hydroponically growne0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“hydroponically grown lettuce (Lactuca sativa)”
e1“Increasing the Cu concentration in solution decreased Pythium disease severity but reduced lettuce growth and yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing the other metal micronutrients tended to reduce lettuce growth.
- Taxon
- Lactuca sativaLactuca sativae0
- Treatment
- Increasing the concentration of the other metal micronutrientse2
- Outcome
- lettuce growthe2
- Direction
- tended to reducee2
- Setting
- hydroponically growne0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“hydroponically grown lettuce (Lactuca sativa)”
e2“Increasing the concentration of the other metal micronutrients also tended to reduce lettuce growth but had no significant influence on root disease”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing the other metal micronutrients had no significant influence on lettuce root disease.
- Taxon
- Lactuca sativaLactuca sativae0
- Treatment
- Increasing the concentration of the other metal micronutrientse2
- Outcome
- root diseasee2
- Direction
- no significant influencee2
- Setting
- hydroponically growne0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“hydroponically grown lettuce (Lactuca sativa)”
e2“Increasing the concentration of the other metal micronutrients also tended to reduce lettuce growth but had no significant influence on root disease”
Claim · model-written summary
Supplementing the hydroponic solution with Si had no effect on Pythium root disease severity in lettuce.
- Taxon
- Lactuca sativaLactuca sativae0
- Treatment
- Supplementing the hydroponic solution with Sie3
- Outcome
- Pythium root disease severitye3
- Direction
- no effecte3
- Setting
- hydroponically growne0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“hydroponically grown lettuce (Lactuca sativa)”
e3“Supplementing the hydroponic solution with Si had no effect on Pythium root disease severity and slightly decreased lettuce growth at 56 mg∙L−1 Si”
Claim · model-written summary
Supplementing the hydroponic solution with Si slightly decreased lettuce growth at 56 mg∙L−1 Si.
- Taxon
- Lactuca sativaLactuca sativae0
- Treatment
- Supplementing the hydroponic solution with Sie3
- Outcome
- lettuce growthe3
- Direction
- slightly decreasede3
- Qualifier
- at 56 mg∙L−1 Sie3
- Setting
- hydroponically growne0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“hydroponically grown lettuce (Lactuca sativa)”
e3“Supplementing the hydroponic solution with Si had no effect on Pythium root disease severity and slightly decreased lettuce growth at 56 mg∙L−1 Si”
Claim · model-written summary
Managing micronutrients and Si nutrition is not an effective strategy for controlling Pythium in hydroponic lettuce.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae4
- Outcome
- the management of micronutrients and Si nutrition is not an effective strategye4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“the management of micronutrients and Si nutrition is not an effective strategy and, at best, a risky strategy for controlling Pythium in hydroponic lettuce”
Claim · model-written summary
Growers would likely benefit from keeping metal micronutrient and Si concentrations within the stated ranges for hydroponic crops.
Verbatim
e5“Growers would likely benefit from maintaining metal micronutrient and Si concentrations within the ranges of (in mg∙L−1) 0.5 to 5.5 for Fe, 0.1 to 2.0 for Mn, 0.1 to 0.6 for Cu, 0.1 to 0.6 for Zn, and 0 to 28 for Si for many hydroponic crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon supplementation may negatively influence growth and quality of certain plant species, so phytotoxicity testing is needed.
Verbatim
e6“Supplementing Si has the potential to negatively influence plant growth and quality for certain plant species, and testing is necessary to evaluate phytotoxicity risks prior to implementing in commercial practice”
Claim · model-written summary
Successful mitigation of root rot pathogens in commercial hydroponic lettuce production requires a combination of sanitation, management, system design and water treatment.
- Taxon
- Lactuca sativaLactuca sativae0
- Interactor
- root rot pathogense7pathogen
- Outcome
- mitigation of root rot pathogense7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“hydroponically grown lettuce (Lactuca sativa)”
e7“successful mitigation of root rot pathogens in commercial hydroponic production requires the combination of proper sanitation, best management and cultural practices, appropriate hydroponic system design, and the implementation of a water treatment system with proper design and a multi-barrier approach”
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