Abstract
Understanding the genetic basis of traits of economic importance under drought stressed and well-watered conditions is important in enhancing genetic gains in dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). This research aims to: (i) identify markers associated with agronomic and physiological traits for drought tolerance and (ii) identify drought-related putative candidate genes within the mapped genomic regions. An andean and middle-american diversity panel (AMDP) comprising of 185 genotypes was screened in the field under drought stressed and well-watered conditions for two successive seasons. Agronomic and physiological traits, viz., days to 50% flowering (DFW), plant height (PH), days to physiological maturity (DPM), grain yield (GYD), 100-seed weight (SW), leaf temperature (LT), leaf chlorophyll content (LCC) and stomatal conductance (SC) were phenotyped. Principal component and association analysis were conducted using the filtered 9370 Diversity Arrays Technology sequencing (DArTseq) markers. The mean PH, GYD, SW, DPM, LCC and SC of the panel was reduced by 12.1, 29.6, 10.3, 12.6, 28.5 and 62.0%, respectively under drought stressed conditions. Population structure analysis revealed two sub-populations, which corresponded to the andean and middle-american gene pools. Markers explained 0.08-0.10, 0.22-0.23, 0.29-0.32, 0.43-0.44, 0.65-0.66 and 0.69-0.70 of the total phenotypic variability (R2) for SC, LT, PH, GYD, SW and DFW, respectively under drought stressed conditions. For well-watered conditions, R2 varied from 0.08 (LT) to 0.70 (DPM). Overall, 68 significant (p < 10-03) marker-trait associations (MTAs) and 22 putative candidate genes were identified across drought stressed and well-watered conditions. Most of the identified genes had known biological functions related to regulating the response to drought stress. The findings provide new insights into the genetic architecture of drought stress tolerance in common bean. The findings also provide potential candidate SNPs and putative genes that can be utilized in gene discovery and marker-assisted breeding for drought tolerance after validation.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Drought reduced PH by 12.1 relative to well-watered conditions.
Verbatim
t0“dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
e0“The mean PH, GYD, SW, DPM, LCC and SC of the panel was reduced by 12.1, 29.6, 10.3, 12.6, 28.5 and 62.0%, respectively under drought stressed conditions”
e1“screened in the field under drought stressed and well-watered conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought reduced GYD by 29.6 relative to well-watered conditions.
Verbatim
t0“dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
e0“The mean PH, GYD, SW, DPM, LCC and SC of the panel was reduced by 12.1, 29.6, 10.3, 12.6, 28.5 and 62.0%, respectively under drought stressed conditions”
e1“screened in the field under drought stressed and well-watered conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought reduced SW by 10.3 relative to well-watered conditions.
Verbatim
t0“dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
e0“The mean PH, GYD, SW, DPM, LCC and SC of the panel was reduced by 12.1, 29.6, 10.3, 12.6, 28.5 and 62.0%, respectively under drought stressed conditions”
e1“screened in the field under drought stressed and well-watered conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought reduced DPM by 12.6 relative to well-watered conditions.
Verbatim
t0“dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
e0“The mean PH, GYD, SW, DPM, LCC and SC of the panel was reduced by 12.1, 29.6, 10.3, 12.6, 28.5 and 62.0%, respectively under drought stressed conditions”
e1“screened in the field under drought stressed and well-watered conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought reduced LCC by 28.5 relative to well-watered conditions.
Verbatim
t0“dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
e0“The mean PH, GYD, SW, DPM, LCC and SC of the panel was reduced by 12.1, 29.6, 10.3, 12.6, 28.5 and 62.0%, respectively under drought stressed conditions”
e1“screened in the field under drought stressed and well-watered conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought reduced SC by 62.0% relative to well-watered conditions.
Verbatim
t0“dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
e0“The mean PH, GYD, SW, DPM, LCC and SC of the panel was reduced by 12.1, 29.6, 10.3, 12.6, 28.5 and 62.0%, respectively under drought stressed conditions”
e1“screened in the field under drought stressed and well-watered conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
The diversity panel contained two subpopulations corresponding to Andean and Middle American gene pools.
Verbatim
t0“dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
e0“Population structure analysis revealed two sub-populations, which corresponded to the andean and middle-american gene pools”
Claim · model-written summary
Markers explained 0.08-0.10 of SC variability under drought stress.
- Taxon
- dry beanst0
- Material
- SCe0
- Treatment
- drought stressed conditionse0
- Outcome
- phenotypic variability (R2)e0
- Value
- 0.08-0.10e0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
t0“dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
e0“Markers explained 0.08-0.10, 0.22-0.23, 0.29-0.32, 0.43-0.44, 0.65-0.66 and 0.69-0.70 of the total phenotypic variability (R2) for SC, LT, PH, GYD, SW and DFW, respectively under drought stressed conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Markers explained 0.22-0.23 of LT variability under drought stress.
- Taxon
- dry beanst0
- Material
- LTe0
- Treatment
- drought stressed conditionse0
- Outcome
- phenotypic variability (R2)e0
- Value
- 0.22-0.23e0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
t0“dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
e0“Markers explained 0.08-0.10, 0.22-0.23, 0.29-0.32, 0.43-0.44, 0.65-0.66 and 0.69-0.70 of the total phenotypic variability (R2) for SC, LT, PH, GYD, SW and DFW, respectively under drought stressed conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Markers explained 0.29-0.32 of PH variability under drought stress.
- Taxon
- dry beanst0
- Material
- PHe0
- Treatment
- drought stressed conditionse0
- Outcome
- phenotypic variability (R2)e0
- Value
- 0.29-0.32e0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
t0“dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
e0“Markers explained 0.08-0.10, 0.22-0.23, 0.29-0.32, 0.43-0.44, 0.65-0.66 and 0.69-0.70 of the total phenotypic variability (R2) for SC, LT, PH, GYD, SW and DFW, respectively under drought stressed conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Markers explained 0.43-0.44 of GYD variability under drought stress.
- Taxon
- dry beanst0
- Material
- GYDe0
- Treatment
- drought stressed conditionse0
- Outcome
- phenotypic variability (R2)e0
- Value
- 0.43-0.44e0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
t0“dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
e0“Markers explained 0.08-0.10, 0.22-0.23, 0.29-0.32, 0.43-0.44, 0.65-0.66 and 0.69-0.70 of the total phenotypic variability (R2) for SC, LT, PH, GYD, SW and DFW, respectively under drought stressed conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Markers explained 0.65-0.66 of SW variability under drought stress.
- Taxon
- dry beanst0
- Material
- SWe0
- Treatment
- drought stressed conditionse0
- Outcome
- phenotypic variability (R2)e0
- Value
- 0.65-0.66e0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
t0“dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
e0“Markers explained 0.08-0.10, 0.22-0.23, 0.29-0.32, 0.43-0.44, 0.65-0.66 and 0.69-0.70 of the total phenotypic variability (R2) for SC, LT, PH, GYD, SW and DFW, respectively under drought stressed conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Markers explained 0.69-0.70 of DFW variability under drought stress.
- Taxon
- dry beanst0
- Material
- DFWe0
- Treatment
- drought stressed conditionse0
- Outcome
- phenotypic variability (R2)e0
- Value
- 0.69-0.70e0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
t0“dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
e0“Markers explained 0.08-0.10, 0.22-0.23, 0.29-0.32, 0.43-0.44, 0.65-0.66 and 0.69-0.70 of the total phenotypic variability (R2) for SC, LT, PH, GYD, SW and DFW, respectively under drought stressed conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Marker-explained variability ranged from 0.08 for LT to 0.70 for DPM under well-watered conditions.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
t0“dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
e0“For well-watered conditions, R2 varied from 0.08 (LT) to 0.70 (DPM)”
Claim · model-written summary
The study identified 68 significant marker-trait associations.
Verbatim
t0“dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
e0“Overall, 68 significant (p < 10-03) marker-trait associations (MTAs) and 22 putative candidate genes were identified across drought stressed and well-watered conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
The study identified 22 putative candidate genes.
Verbatim
t0“dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
e0“Overall, 68 significant (p < 10-03) marker-trait associations (MTAs) and 22 putative candidate genes were identified across drought stressed and well-watered conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Most identified genes had known functions related to drought response.
Verbatim
t0“dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
e0“Most of the identified genes had known biological functions related to regulating the response to drought stress”
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