Abstract
Nuclear factor Y (NF-Y) genes play important roles in many biological processes, such as leaf growth, nitrogen nutrition, and drought resistance. However, the biological functions of these transcription factor family members have not been systematically analyzed in maize. In the present study, a total of 52 ZmNF-Y genes were identified and classified into three groups in the maize genome. An analysis of the evolutionary relationship, gene structure, and conserved motifs of these genes supports the evolutionary conservation of NF-Y family genes in maize. The tissue expression profiles based on RNA-seq data showed that all genes apart from ZmNF-Y16 , ZmNF-YC15 , and ZmNF-YC17 were expressed in different maize tissues. A weighted correlation network analysis was conducted and a gene co expression network method was used to analyze the transcriptome sequencing results; six core genes responding to drought and rewatering were identified. A real time fluorescence quantitative analysis showed that these six genes responded to high temperature, drought, high salt, and abscisic acid (ABA) treatments, and subsequent restoration to normal levels. ZmNF-YC12 was highly induced by drought and rewatering treatments. The ZmNF-YC12 protein was localized in the nucleus, and the Gal4-LexA/UAS system and a transactivation analysis demonstrated that ZmNF-YC12 in maize ( Zea mays L. ) is a transcriptional activator that regulates drought resistance and recovery ability. Silencing ZmNF-YC12 reduced net photosynthesis, chlorophyll content, antioxidant (superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase) system activation, and soluble protein and proline contents; it increased the malondialdehyde content, the relative water content, and the water loss rate, which weakened drought resistance and the recoverability of maize. These results provide insights into understanding the evolution of ZmNF-Y family genes in maize and their potential roles in genetic improvement. Our work provides a foundation for subsequent functional studies of the NF-Y gene family and provides deep insights into the role of the ZmNF-YC12 regulatory network in controlling drought resistance and the recoverability of maize.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Fifty-two ZmNF-Y genes were identified in three groups.
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a total of 52 ZmNF-Y genes were identified and classified into three groups in the maize genome”
Claim · model-written summary
Evolutionary relationships, gene structure and conserved motifs supported conservation of maize NF-Y genes.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An analysis of the evolutionary relationship, gene structure, and conserved motifs of these genes supports the evolutionary conservation of NF-Y family genes in maize”
Claim · model-written summary
All examined NF-Y genes except three were expressed across maize tissues.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“all genes apart from ZmNF-Y16 , ZmNF-YC15 , and ZmNF-YC17 were expressed in different maize tissues”
Claim · model-written summary
Six core genes responding to drought and rewatering were identified.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“six core genes responding to drought and rewatering were identified”
t0“maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The six genes responded to high temperature, drought, salt, ABA and restoration.
- Treatment
- high temperature, drought, high salt, and abscisic acid (ABA) treatmentse0
- Outcome
- six genes respondede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“these six genes responded to high temperature, drought, high salt, and abscisic acid (ABA) treatments, and subsequent restoration to normal levels”
t0“maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
ZmNF-YC12 was highly induced by drought and rewatering.
- Treatment
- drought and rewatering treatmentse0
- Gene
- ZmNF-YC12e0
- Outcome
- ZmNF-YC12e0
- Direction
- highly inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ZmNF-YC12 was highly induced by drought and rewatering treatments”
t0“maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
ZmNF-YC12 protein localized in the nucleus.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The ZmNF-YC12 protein was localized in the nucleus”
t0“maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
ZmNF-YC12 acted as a transcriptional activator regulating drought resistance and recovery.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ZmNF-YC12 in maize ( Zea mays L. ) is a transcriptional activator that regulates drought resistance and recovery ability”
Claim · model-written summary
Silencing ZmNF-YC12 reduced net photosynthesis and chlorophyll content.
- Treatment
- Silencing ZmNF-YC12e0
- Gene
- ZmNF-YC12e0
- Outcome
- net photosynthesis, chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Silencing ZmNF-YC12 reduced net photosynthesis, chlorophyll content”
t0“maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Silencing ZmNF-YC12 reduced antioxidant system activation.
- Treatment
- Silencing ZmNF-YC12e0
- Outcome
- antioxidant (superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase) system activatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Silencing ZmNF-YC12 reduced net photosynthesis, chlorophyll content, antioxidant (superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase) system activation”
t0“maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Silencing ZmNF-YC12 reduced soluble protein and proline contents.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soluble protein and proline contents; it increased the malondialdehyde content”
e1“Silencing ZmNF-YC12 reduced net photosynthesis, chlorophyll content, antioxidant (superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase) system activation, and soluble protein and proline contents”
t0“maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Silencing ZmNF-YC12 increased malondialdehyde content, relative water content and water loss rate.
- Treatment
- Silencing ZmNF-YC12e1
- Outcome
- malondialdehyde content, the relative water content, and the water loss ratee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it increased the malondialdehyde content, the relative water content, and the water loss rate”
e1“Silencing ZmNF-YC12 reduced net photosynthesis”
t0“maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Silencing ZmNF-YC12 weakened maize drought resistance and recovery.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“which weakened drought resistance and the recoverability of maize”
e1“Silencing ZmNF-YC12 reduced net photosynthesis”
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