Abstract
Greenhouse crops production has been improved by CO2 enrichment commercially. The impact of a threshold level of elevated CO2 (e[CO2]) on the effective quantum yield of photosystem II (ФPSII, chlorophyll fluorescence parameter), which is linked to crop yield, crop growth and fruit quality, is still uncertain. Many previous studies cultivated C3 crops under 550–700 µmol·mol-1, not beyond this range. Hence, tomato plants were grown under ambient CO2 (a[CO2], 500 µmol·mol-1) and e[CO2] (700, 850, and 1000 µmol·mol-1): named as EC700, EC850, and EC1000, respectively, under uniform environmental conditions for two growing seasons to investigate the response of ФPSII along with four photosynthetically active radiation intensities and plant growth to continuous CO2 concentration [CO2]. Under four constant PAR intensities during autumn-winter 2020 and spring-summer 2021, the order of mean ФPSII values under e[CO2] were explored as EC700 > EC1000 > EC850 > a[CO2] and EC700 > EC850 > EC1000 > a[CO2], respectively. The optimum total fruit yield was stimulated under EC700 by 74.04% and 55.86% during autumn-winter 2020 and spring-summer 2021, respectively, as compared to a[CO2]. The results showed that water use efficiency related to yield (WUEy) were enhanced by reducing the stomatal conductance under e[CO2] as compared to a[CO2]. Optimum WUEy was enhanced by 55.91–210.87% under EC700 compared to a[CO2]. The principal component analysis showed strong correlation of ФPSII with plant height, yield and water use efficiency in autumn-winter 2020 and spring-summer 2021, LAI in spring-summer 2021, weak correlation with stem diamter in autumn-winter 2020 and spring-summer 2021, indicated the strong effect of ФPSII on plant growth and yield under e[CO2]. The EC1000 in autumn-winter 2020 and EC700 in spring-summer 2021 were found more influential by the analytic hierarchy process to get optimum crop production, no significant difference between the ranking scores of EC1000 and EC700 during autumn-winter 2020 was found. Thus, the overall optimum impact of e[CO2] on tomato growth was explored under EC700. The findings of this study are beneficial to greenhouses crops production commercially and could be used as references for validating the climate change impact modelling.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Mean ФPSII ranked EC700 > EC1000 > EC850 > ambient CO2 in autumn-winter 2020.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- EC700e0
- Outcome
- mean ФPSII valuese0
- Qualifier
- autumn-winter 2020e0
- Comparator
- a[CO2]e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“during autumn-winter 2020 and spring-summer 2021, the order of mean ФPSII values under e[CO2] were explored as EC700 > EC1000 > EC850 > a[CO2] and EC700 > EC850 > EC1000 > a[CO2], respectively.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Mean ФPSII ranked EC700 > EC850 > EC1000 > ambient CO2 in spring-summer 2021.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- EC700e0
- Outcome
- mean ФPSII valuese0
- Qualifier
- spring-summer 2021e0
- Comparator
- a[CO2]e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“during autumn-winter 2020 and spring-summer 2021, the order of mean ФPSII values under e[CO2] were explored as EC700 > EC1000 > EC850 > a[CO2] and EC700 > EC850 > EC1000 > a[CO2], respectively.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
EC700 raised optimum total fruit yield by 74.04% in autumn-winter 2020.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- EC700e0
- Outcome
- total fruit yielde0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
- Value
- 74.04%e0
- Qualifier
- autumn-winter 2020e0
- Comparator
- a[CO2]e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The optimum total fruit yield was stimulated under EC700 by 74.04% and 55.86% during autumn-winter 2020 and spring-summer 2021, respectively, as compared to a[CO2].”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
EC700 raised optimum total fruit yield by 55.86% in spring-summer 2021.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- EC700e0
- Outcome
- total fruit yielde0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
- Value
- 55.86%e0
- Qualifier
- spring-summer 2021e0
- Comparator
- a[CO2]e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The optimum total fruit yield was stimulated under EC700 by 74.04% and 55.86% during autumn-winter 2020 and spring-summer 2021, respectively, as compared to a[CO2].”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 enhanced yield-related water use efficiency relative to ambient CO2.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- e[CO2]e0
- Outcome
- water use efficiency related to yield (WUEy)e0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Comparator
- a[CO2]e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“water use efficiency related to yield (WUEy) were enhanced by reducing the stomatal conductance under e[CO2] as compared to a[CO2].”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 reduced stomatal conductance.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- e[CO2]e0
- Outcome
- stomatal conductancee0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Comparator
- a[CO2]e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“water use efficiency related to yield (WUEy) were enhanced by reducing the stomatal conductance under e[CO2] as compared to a[CO2].”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
EC700 increased optimum WUEy by 55.91–210.87% against ambient CO2.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- EC700e0
- Outcome
- WUEye0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 55.91–210.87%e0
- Comparator
- a[CO2]e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Optimum WUEy was enhanced by 55.91–210.87% under EC700 compared to a[CO2].”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
ФPSII was strongly correlated with plant height, yield and water use efficiency across both seasons.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- plant height, yield and water use efficiencye0
- Qualifier
- autumn-winter 2020 and spring-summer 2021e0
- Comparator
- ФPSIIe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“strong correlation of ФPSII with plant height, yield and water use efficiency in autumn-winter 2020 and spring-summer 2021”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
ФPSII was strongly correlated with LAI in spring-summer 2021.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- LAIe0
- Qualifier
- spring-summer 2021e0
- Comparator
- ФPSIIe1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“LAI in spring-summer 2021”
e1“The principal component analysis showed strong correlation of ФPSII with plant height, yield and water use efficiency in autumn-winter 2020 and spring-summer 2021, LAI in spring-summer 2021, weak correlation with stem diamter in autumn-winter 2020 and spring-summer 2021, indicated the strong effect of ФPSII on plant growth and yield under e[CO2].”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
ФPSII was weakly correlated with stem diameter in both seasons.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- stem diamtere0
- Qualifier
- autumn-winter 2020 and spring-summer 2021e0
- Comparator
- ФPSIIe1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“weak correlation with stem diamter in autumn-winter 2020 and spring-summer 2021”
e1“The principal component analysis showed strong correlation of ФPSII with plant height, yield and water use efficiency in autumn-winter 2020 and spring-summer 2021, LAI in spring-summer 2021, weak correlation with stem diamter in autumn-winter 2020 and spring-summer 2021, indicated the strong effect of ФPSII on plant growth and yield under e[CO2].”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Analytic hierarchy process ranked EC1000 most influential for production in autumn-winter 2020.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- optimum crop productione0
- Qualifier
- autumn-winter 2020e0
- Comparator
- EC1000e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The EC1000 in autumn-winter 2020 and EC700 in spring-summer 2021 were found more influential by the analytic hierarchy process to get optimum crop production”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Analytic hierarchy process ranked EC700 most influential for production in spring-summer 2021.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- optimum crop productione0
- Qualifier
- spring-summer 2021e0
- Comparator
- EC700e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The EC1000 in autumn-winter 2020 and EC700 in spring-summer 2021 were found more influential by the analytic hierarchy process to get optimum crop production”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Ranking scores of EC1000 and EC700 did not differ significantly in autumn-winter 2020.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- ranking scores of EC1000 and EC700e0
- Direction
- no significant differencee0
- Qualifier
- autumn-winter 2020e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“no significant difference between the ranking scores of EC1000 and EC700 during autumn-winter 2020 was found.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Overall tomato growth response was optimal under EC700.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- EC700e0
- Outcome
- tomato growthe0
- Direction
- optimume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the overall optimum impact of e[CO2] on tomato growth was explored under EC700.”
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See all 19 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.