Abstract
In domesticated apple ( Malus x domestica Borkh.) and other woody perennials, floral initiation can be repressed by gibberellins (GAs). The associated mechanism is a major unanswered question in plant physiology, and understanding organismal aspects of GA signaling in apple has important commercial applications. In plants, the major mechanism for elimination of GAs and resetting of GA signaling is through catabolism by GA2-oxidases (GA2ox). We found that the GA2ox gene family in apple comprises 16 genes representing eight, clearly defined homeologous pairs, which were named as MdGA2ox1A/1B to MdGA2ox8A/8B . Expression of the genes was analyzed in the various structures of the spur, where flowers are initiated, as well as in various structures of seedlings over one diurnal cycle and in response to water-deficit and salt stress. Among the results, we found that MdGA2ox2A/2B dominated expression in the shoot apex and were strongly upregulated in the apex after treatment with exogenous GA 3 , suggesting potential involvement in repression of flowering. Several MdGA2ox genes also showed preferential expression in the leaf petiole, fruit pedicel, and the seed coat of developing seeds, potentially representing mechanisms to limit diffusion of GAs across these structures. In all contexts studied, we documented both concerted and distinct expression of individual homeologs. This work introduces an accessible woody plant model for studies of GA signaling, GA2ox gene regulation, and conservation/divergence of expression of homeologous genes, and should find application in development of new cultivars of apple and other tree fruits.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
The apple GA2ox gene family has 16 genes in eight homeologous pairs.
- Taxon
- apple
Malus domesticae0 - Gene
- GA2oxe0
- Outcome
- 16 genes representing eight, clearly defined homeologous pairse0
- Value
- 16 genese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the GA2ox gene family in apple comprises 16 genes representing eight, clearly defined homeologous pairs, which were named as MdGA2ox1A/1B to MdGA2ox8A/8B .”
Claim · model-written summary
MdGA2ox2A/2B dominated expression in the shoot apex.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Organ / stage
- shoot apexe0
- Gene
- MdGA2ox2A/2Be0
- Outcome
- dominated expressione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MdGA2ox2A/2B dominated expression in the shoot apex”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous GA 3 strongly upregulated MdGA2ox2A/2B in the apex.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Organ / stage
- shoot apexe0
- Treatment
- exogenous GA 3e0
- Gene
- MdGA2ox2A/2Be0
- Outcome
- expressione0
- Direction
- upregulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MdGA2ox2A/2B dominated expression in the shoot apex and were strongly upregulated in the apex after treatment with exogenous GA 3”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Several MdGA2ox genes showed preferential expression in leaf petiole, fruit pedicel and developing seed coat.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Organ / stage
- leaf petiole, fruit pedicel, and the seed coat of developing seedse0
- Gene
- MdGA2ox genese0
- Outcome
- preferential expressione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Several MdGA2ox genes also showed preferential expression in the leaf petiole, fruit pedicel, and the seed coat of developing seeds”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Individual homeologs showed both concerted and distinct expression across studied contexts.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- both concerted and distinct expression of individual homeologse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In all contexts studied, we documented both concerted and distinct expression of individual homeologs.”
t0“apple”
The same questions in other papers
Gibberellic acid · molecular: expression · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.