Abstract
In agriculture, barnyard grass (Echinochloa crusgalli L.) is one of the most harmful weeds in rice fields now. In order to identify active ingredients which had inhibiting effect on barnyard grass (Echinochloa crusgalli L.), we evaluated several possible natural plant essential oils. Essential oils from twelve plant species showed inhibitory activity against barnyard grass seedlings and root length. The garlic essential oil (GEO) had the most significant allelopathic effect (EC50 = 0.0126 g mL-1). Additionally, the enzyme activities of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) increased during the first 8 hours of treatment at a concentration of 0.1 g mL-1 and then declined. The activities of CAT, SOD and POD increased by 121%, 137% and 110% (0-8h, compared to control), and decreased (8-72h, compared to the maximum value) by 100%, 185% and 183%, respectively. The total chlorophyll content of barnyard grass seedlings decreased by 51% (0-72h) continuously with the same dosage treatment. Twenty constituents of GEO were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and the herbicidal activity of two main components (diallyl sulfide and diallyl disulfide) was evaluated. Results showed that both components had herbicidal activity against barnyard grass. GEO had a strong inhibitory effect (~88.34% inhibition) on barnyard grass growth, but safety studies on rice showed it did not have much inhibitory effect on rice seed germination. Allelopathy of GEO provide ideas for the development of new plant-derived herbicides.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Essential oils from twelve plant species inhibited barnyard grass seedlings and root length.
- Taxon
- Echinochloa crusgalli
Echinochloa crus-gallit0 - Treatment
- Essential oils from twelve plant speciese0
- Outcome
- seedlings and root lengthe0
- Direction
- inhibitory activitye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“barnyard grass (Echinochloa crusgalli L.)”
e0“Essential oils from twelve plant species showed inhibitory activity against barnyard grass seedlings and root length. The garlic essential oil (GEO) had the most significant allelopathic effect (EC50 = 0.0126 g mL-1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Garlic essential oil had the most significant allelopathic effect on barnyard grass (EC50 = 0.0126 g mL-1).
- Taxon
- Echinochloa crusgalliEchinochloa crus-gallit0
- Treatment
- garlic essential oil (GEO)e0
- Outcome
- allelopathic effecte0
- Direction
- most significante0
- Value
- EC50 = 0.0126 g mL-1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“barnyard grass (Echinochloa crusgalli L.)”
e0“Essential oils from twelve plant species showed inhibitory activity against barnyard grass seedlings and root length. The garlic essential oil (GEO) had the most significant allelopathic effect (EC50 = 0.0126 g mL-1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Catalase activity increased by 121% during the first 8 hours of GEO treatment compared with control.
- Taxon
- Echinochloa crusgalliEchinochloa crus-gallit0
- Treatment
- at a concentration of 0.1 g mL-1e1
- Outcome
- CATe2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 121%e2
- Qualifier
- 0-8he2
- Comparator
- controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“barnyard grass (Echinochloa crusgalli L.)”
e1“the enzyme activities of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) increased during the first 8 hours of treatment at a concentration of 0.1 g mL-1”
e2“The activities of CAT, SOD and POD increased by 121%, 137% and 110% (0-8h, compared to control), and decreased (8-72h, compared to the maximum value) by 100%, 185% and 183%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Superoxide dismutase activity increased by 137% during the first 8 hours of treatment compared with control.
- Taxon
- Echinochloa crusgalliEchinochloa crus-gallit0
- Treatment
- at a concentration of 0.1 g mL-1e1
- Outcome
- SODe2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 137%e2
- Qualifier
- 0-8he2
- Comparator
- controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“barnyard grass (Echinochloa crusgalli L.)”
e1“the enzyme activities of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) increased during the first 8 hours of treatment at a concentration of 0.1 g mL-1”
e2“The activities of CAT, SOD and POD increased by 121%, 137% and 110% (0-8h, compared to control), and decreased (8-72h, compared to the maximum value) by 100%, 185% and 183%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Peroxidase activity increased by 110% during the first 8 hours of treatment compared with control.
- Taxon
- Echinochloa crusgalliEchinochloa crus-gallit0
- Treatment
- at a concentration of 0.1 g mL-1e1
- Outcome
- PODe2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 110%e2
- Qualifier
- 0-8he2
- Comparator
- controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“barnyard grass (Echinochloa crusgalli L.)”
e1“the enzyme activities of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) increased during the first 8 hours of treatment at a concentration of 0.1 g mL-1”
e2“The activities of CAT, SOD and POD increased by 121%, 137% and 110% (0-8h, compared to control), and decreased (8-72h, compared to the maximum value) by 100%, 185% and 183%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Catalase activity decreased by 100% from 8 to 72 hours compared with the maximum value.
- Taxon
- Echinochloa crusgalliEchinochloa crus-gallit0
- Treatment
- at a concentration of 0.1 g mL-1e1
- Outcome
- CATe2
- Direction
- decreasede2
- Value
- 100%e2
- Qualifier
- 8-72he2
- Comparator
- maximum valuee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“barnyard grass (Echinochloa crusgalli L.)”
e1“the enzyme activities of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) increased during the first 8 hours of treatment at a concentration of 0.1 g mL-1”
e2“The activities of CAT, SOD and POD increased by 121%, 137% and 110% (0-8h, compared to control), and decreased (8-72h, compared to the maximum value) by 100%, 185% and 183%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Superoxide dismutase activity decreased by 185% from 8 to 72 hours compared with the maximum value.
- Taxon
- Echinochloa crusgalliEchinochloa crus-gallit0
- Treatment
- at a concentration of 0.1 g mL-1e1
- Outcome
- SODe2
- Direction
- decreasede2
- Value
- 185%e2
- Qualifier
- 8-72he2
- Comparator
- maximum valuee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“barnyard grass (Echinochloa crusgalli L.)”
e1“the enzyme activities of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) increased during the first 8 hours of treatment at a concentration of 0.1 g mL-1”
e2“The activities of CAT, SOD and POD increased by 121%, 137% and 110% (0-8h, compared to control), and decreased (8-72h, compared to the maximum value) by 100%, 185% and 183%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Peroxidase activity decreased by 183% from 8 to 72 hours compared with the maximum value.
- Taxon
- Echinochloa crusgalliEchinochloa crus-gallit0
- Treatment
- at a concentration of 0.1 g mL-1e1
- Outcome
- PODe2
- Direction
- decreasede2
- Value
- 183%e2
- Qualifier
- 8-72he2
- Comparator
- maximum valuee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“barnyard grass (Echinochloa crusgalli L.)”
e1“the enzyme activities of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) increased during the first 8 hours of treatment at a concentration of 0.1 g mL-1”
e2“The activities of CAT, SOD and POD increased by 121%, 137% and 110% (0-8h, compared to control), and decreased (8-72h, compared to the maximum value) by 100%, 185% and 183%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Total chlorophyll content of barnyard grass seedlings decreased by 51% over 72 hours of the same treatment.
- Taxon
- Echinochloa crusgalliEchinochloa crus-gallit0
- Treatment
- with the same dosage treatmente3
- Outcome
- total chlorophyll contente3
- Direction
- decreasede3
- Value
- 51%e3
- Qualifier
- 0-72he3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“barnyard grass (Echinochloa crusgalli L.)”
e3“The total chlorophyll content of barnyard grass seedlings decreased by 51% (0-72h) continuously with the same dosage treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Twenty constituents of garlic essential oil were identified by GC-MS.
- Taxon
- garlic
Allium sativume0 - Outcome
- Twenty constituents of GEOe4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Essential oils from twelve plant species showed inhibitory activity against barnyard grass seedlings and root length. The garlic essential oil (GEO) had the most significant allelopathic effect (EC50 = 0.0126 g mL-1)”
e4“Twenty constituents of GEO were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and the herbicidal activity of two main components (diallyl sulfide and diallyl disulfide) was evaluated. Results showed that both components had herbicidal activity against barnyard grass”
Claim · model-written summary
Diallyl sulfide and diallyl disulfide both had herbicidal activity against barnyard grass.
- Taxon
- Echinochloa crusgalliEchinochloa crus-gallit0
- Treatment
- diallyl sulfide and diallyl disulfidee4
- Outcome
- herbicidal activitye4
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“barnyard grass (Echinochloa crusgalli L.)”
e4“Twenty constituents of GEO were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and the herbicidal activity of two main components (diallyl sulfide and diallyl disulfide) was evaluated. Results showed that both components had herbicidal activity against barnyard grass”
Claim · model-written summary
GEO strongly inhibited barnyard grass growth by about 88.34%.
- Taxon
- Echinochloa crusgalliEchinochloa crus-gallit0
- Treatment
- GEOe5
- Outcome
- barnyard grass growthe5
- Direction
- inhibitory effecte5
- Value
- ~88.34% inhibitione5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“barnyard grass (Echinochloa crusgalli L.)”
e5“GEO had a strong inhibitory effect (~88.34% inhibition) on barnyard grass growth, but safety studies on rice showed it did not have much inhibitory effect on rice seed germination”
Claim · model-written summary
GEO did not have much inhibitory effect on rice seed germination.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae5 - Treatment
- GEOe5
- Outcome
- rice seed germinatione5
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“GEO had a strong inhibitory effect (~88.34% inhibition) on barnyard grass growth, but safety studies on rice showed it did not have much inhibitory effect on rice seed germination”
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