Abstract
Abstract In the natural environment, plants are subjected to simultaneous or sequential presence of various abiotic and/or biotic stresses, including soil compaction and soil drought. The effects of these stresses tested separately are relatively well understood, but still little is known about their simultaneous effects on plants. Our research involved four single hybrids of maize differing in their degree of susceptibility to soil compaction and drought. We investigated the effects of low and high soil compaction under optimal irrigation (LI, HI) and under three‐week long soil drought (LD, HD), on the gas exchange (Pn, E, g S , Ci) and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters ( F 0 , F m , F v , F v / F m ), total leaf area (LA), leaf greening (SPAD), leaf water deficit (WD), leaf water potential ( ψ ) and membrane injury (MI). The plants experiencing high soil compaction (HI) showed a decrease in all parameters of gas exchange (Pn, E, g S , Ci), leaf area (LA), leaf greening (SPAD) and the maximal quantum efficiency of PSII ( F v / F m ) in comparison with plants growing in non‐compacted soil (LI). An increase was observed in the other fluorescence parameters, i.e., F 0 , F m and F v and leaf WD, ψ and MI in HI vs. LI variants. In the plants exposed to drought (LD, HD), the changes in the measured traits were greater, especially for the sensitive hybrids P‐8400 and NS‐3023, than for the plants from LI treatment. A significant interaction between the degree of stress susceptibility and relative trait change was observed for practically all of the measured features. Moreover, in the short recovery period after the end of drought, the measured traits in LD and HD plants did not fully return to the control level, especially in the case of the sensitive hybrids (P‐8400 NS‐3023). The physiological reaction of maize hybrids to soil compaction and/or soil drought indicated the genetically determined variability of tolerance to those stresses. Significant correlation between RTC and stress susceptibility indexes (S‐SI) provided suitable criteria for the hybrid selection. Also, our results showed the plasticity and capability of maize hybrids to respond to environmental conditions.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
High soil compaction decreased gas exchange parameters compared with non-compacted soil in maize hybrids.
- Treatment
- high soil compactione2
- Outcome
- parameters of gas exchangee2
- Direction
- decreasee2
- Comparator
- non‐compacted soile2
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Our research involved four single hybrids of maize differing in their degree of susceptibility to soil compaction and drought”
e2“The plants experiencing high soil compaction (HI) showed a decrease in all parameters of gas exchange (Pn, E, g S , Ci), leaf area (LA), leaf greening (SPAD) and the maximal quantum efficiency of PSII ( F v / F m ) in comparison with plants growing in non‐compacted soil (LI)”
Claim · model-written summary
High soil compaction decreased leaf area and leaf greening (SPAD) compared with non-compacted soil.
- Organ / stage
- leafe2
- Treatment
- high soil compactione2
- Outcome
- leaf area (LA), leaf greening (SPAD)e2
- Direction
- decreasee2
- Comparator
- non‐compacted soile2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Our research involved four single hybrids of maize differing in their degree of susceptibility to soil compaction and drought”
e2“The plants experiencing high soil compaction (HI) showed a decrease in all parameters of gas exchange (Pn, E, g S , Ci), leaf area (LA), leaf greening (SPAD) and the maximal quantum efficiency of PSII ( F v / F m ) in comparison with plants growing in non‐compacted soil (LI)”
Claim · model-written summary
High soil compaction decreased the maximal quantum efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm) compared with non-compacted soil.
- Treatment
- high soil compactione2
- Outcome
- maximal quantum efficiency of PSIIe2
- Direction
- decreasee2
- Comparator
- non‐compacted soile2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Our research involved four single hybrids of maize differing in their degree of susceptibility to soil compaction and drought”
e2“The plants experiencing high soil compaction (HI) showed a decrease in all parameters of gas exchange (Pn, E, g S , Ci), leaf area (LA), leaf greening (SPAD) and the maximal quantum efficiency of PSII ( F v / F m ) in comparison with plants growing in non‐compacted soil (LI)”
Claim · model-written summary
High soil compaction (HI) increased F0, Fm and Fv compared with low compaction (LI).
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Our research involved four single hybrids of maize differing in their degree of susceptibility to soil compaction and drought”
e3“An increase was observed in the other fluorescence parameters, i.e., F 0 , F m and F v and leaf WD, ψ and MI in HI vs. LI variants”
Claim · model-written summary
High soil compaction (HI) increased leaf water deficit, water potential and membrane injury compared with LI.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Our research involved four single hybrids of maize differing in their degree of susceptibility to soil compaction and drought”
e3“An increase was observed in the other fluorescence parameters, i.e., F 0 , F m and F v and leaf WD, ψ and MI in HI vs. LI variants”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought changed the measured traits more than low compaction did, especially in the sensitive hybrids P-8400 and NS-3023.
- Material
- P‐8400 and NS‐3023e4
- Treatment
- droughte4
- Outcome
- changes in the measured traitse4
- Direction
- greatere4
- Comparator
- LI treatmente4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Our research involved four single hybrids of maize differing in their degree of susceptibility to soil compaction and drought”
e4“In the plants exposed to drought (LD, HD), the changes in the measured traits were greater, especially for the sensitive hybrids P‐8400 and NS‐3023, than for the plants from LI treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
A significant interaction existed between stress susceptibility and relative trait change for practically all measured features.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Our research involved four single hybrids of maize differing in their degree of susceptibility to soil compaction and drought”
e5“A significant interaction between the degree of stress susceptibility and relative trait change was observed for practically all of the measured features”
Claim · model-written summary
In the short recovery period after drought, the measured traits in LD and HD plants did not fully return to the control level.
- Outcome
- the measured traits in LD and HD plantse6
- Qualifier
- did not fully return to the control levele6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Our research involved four single hybrids of maize differing in their degree of susceptibility to soil compaction and drought”
e6“the measured traits in LD and HD plants did not fully return to the control level”
Claim · model-written summary
The correlation between RTC and stress susceptibility indexes was significant and provided selection criteria for hybrids.
- Treatment
- stress susceptibility indexes (S‐SI)e7
- Outcome
- correlation between RTC and stress susceptibility indexese7
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Our research involved four single hybrids of maize differing in their degree of susceptibility to soil compaction and drought”
e7“Significant correlation between RTC and stress susceptibility indexes (S‐SI) provided suitable criteria for the hybrid selection”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize hybrids showed plasticity and capability to respond to environmental conditions.
Verbatim
e7“our results showed the plasticity and capability of maize hybrids to respond to environmental conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
The physiological reaction of maize hybrids indicated genetically determined variability of tolerance to soil compaction and drought.
Verbatim
e6“The physiological reaction of maize hybrids to soil compaction and/or soil drought indicated the genetically determined variability of tolerance to those stresses”
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