Abstract
For a horticultural crop such as tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), the initial growth phase of young plants can take place in multi-layer systems to reduce space. Here LEDs form the ideal lighting system, as they decouple light intensity from heating and can thus be placed in close proximity to the plants. Moreover, the spectral quality control of LEDs may be utilized to steer the plants towards a desired compact and sturdy phenotype. To achieve this, we must understand how light quality affects plant elongation and stem thickness during early plant development. Therefore, we assessed apical and radial growth of tomato and Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) plants grown in white, red, or blue LED conditions. Our analysis revealed that in both species the red LED condition increased cell elongation in hypocotyls and stems, whereas the blue LED condition decreased cell elongation, compared to the white light condition. In seedlings, hypocotyls were thinner in the red LED condition, and thicker in the blue LED condition, compared to white light. However, in flowering plants, Arabidopsis showed sensitivity of primary radial growth to light quality, while tomato plants appeared indifferent. Finally, analysis of Arabidopsis photoreceptor mutants suggested that cryptochromes and type II phytochromes are the main regulators of light-mediated apical and primary radial growth. To summarize, LEDs can be used to regulate both apical and primary radial plant growth, but the resulting phenotypes may be plant age- or species-specific.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
tomato red LED condition increased cell elongation versus white light.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- red LED conditione0
- Outcome
- cell elongation in hypocotyls and stemse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- white light conditione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in both species the red LED condition increased cell elongation in hypocotyls and stems, whereas the blue LED condition decreased cell elongation, compared to the white light condition.”
t0“tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)”
Claim · model-written summary
tomato blue LED condition decreased cell elongation versus white light.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- blue LED conditione0
- Outcome
- cell elongation in hypocotyls and stemse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- white light conditione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in both species the red LED condition increased cell elongation in hypocotyls and stems, whereas the blue LED condition decreased cell elongation, compared to the white light condition.”
t0“tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Arabidopsis thaliana red LED condition increased cell elongation versus white light.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana
Arabidopsis thalianat0 - Treatment
- red LED conditione0
- Outcome
- cell elongation in hypocotyls and stemse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- white light conditione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in both species the red LED condition increased cell elongation in hypocotyls and stems, whereas the blue LED condition decreased cell elongation, compared to the white light condition.”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Arabidopsis thaliana blue LED condition decreased cell elongation versus white light.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Treatment
- blue LED conditione0
- Outcome
- cell elongation in hypocotyls and stemse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- white light conditione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in both species the red LED condition increased cell elongation in hypocotyls and stems, whereas the blue LED condition decreased cell elongation, compared to the white light condition.”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Seedling hypocotyls were thinner under red LED condition than white light.
- Organ / stage
- seedlingse0
- Treatment
- red LED conditione0
- Outcome
- hypocotylse0
- Direction
- thinnere0
- Comparator
- white lighte0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“In seedlings, hypocotyls were thinner in the red LED condition, and thicker in the blue LED condition, compared to white light.”
Claim · model-written summary
Seedling hypocotyls were thicker under blue LED condition than white light.
- Organ / stage
- seedlingse0
- Treatment
- blue LED conditione0
- Outcome
- hypocotylse0
- Direction
- thickere0
- Comparator
- white lighte0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“In seedlings, hypocotyls were thinner in the red LED condition, and thicker in the blue LED condition, compared to white light.”
Claim · model-written summary
Flowering Arabidopsis primary radial growth responded to light quality.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Treatment
- light qualitye0
- Outcome
- primary radial growthe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Arabidopsis showed sensitivity of primary radial growth to light quality, while tomato plants appeared indifferent.”
Claim · model-written summary
Flowering tomato primary radial growth appeared insensitive to light quality.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- light qualitye0
- Outcome
- primary radial growthe0
- Direction
- indifferente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Arabidopsis showed sensitivity of primary radial growth to light quality, while tomato plants appeared indifferent.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cryptochromes and type II phytochromes were suggested as main regulators of light-mediated growth in Arabidopsis.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Gene
- cryptochromes and type II phytochromese0
- Outcome
- light-mediated apical and primary radial growthe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“analysis of Arabidopsis photoreceptor mutants suggested that cryptochromes and type II phytochromes are the main regulators of light-mediated apical and primary radial growth.”
The same questions in other papers
light · cytology · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- positive
- positive
light · cytology · Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.