Abstract
The effects of the irrigation regime and different fertilizer sources on the eco-physiological responses and yield characteristics of dragon’s head were explored in a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with 12 treatments and 3 replications in the 2019 growing season. The treatments included six different fertilizer sources (animal manure, vermicompost, poultry manure, biofertilizer, chemical fertilizer, and control) and two irrigation regimes (rainfed and supplemental irrigation). The results indicated the positive effects of supplementary irrigation and the application of vermicompost, poultry manure, and animal manure by increasing the absorption of nutrients (phosphorus and potassium) and improving relative water contents, chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, and the fixed oil percentage of dragon’s head. The activities of catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase decreased in the rainfed plants, whereas organic fertilizer application increased the antioxidant enzyme activity. The highest grain yield (721 kg ha−1), biological yield (5858 kg ha−1), total flavonoids (1.47 mg g−1 DW), total phenol (27.90 mg g−1 DW), fixed oil yield (200.17 kg ha−1), and essential oil yield (1.18 kg ha−1) were noted in plants that were treated with vermicompost under supplemental irrigation. Therefore, it is recommended that organic fertilizers such as vermicompost and poultry manure be used to substitute chemical fertilizers. These practices can help popularize organic crops using rainfed and supplementary irrigation.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Supplementary irrigation and organic fertilizers increased nutrient absorption of phosphorus and potassium in dragon’s head.
- Taxon
- Lallemantia iberica
Dracocephalum ibericumt0 - Treatment
- supplementary irrigation and the application of vermicompost, poultry manure, and animal manuree1
- Outcome
- absorption of nutrients (phosphorus and potassium)e1
- Direction
- increasinge1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Lallemantia iberica”
e1“The results indicated the positive effects of supplementary irrigation and the application of vermicompost, poultry manure, and animal manure by increasing the absorption of nutrients (phosphorus and potassium) and improving relative water contents, chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, and the fixed oil percentage of dragon’s head”
Claim · model-written summary
Supplementary irrigation and organic fertilizers improved relative water content, chlorophyll and carotenoid contents in dragon’s head.
- Taxon
- Lallemantia ibericaDracocephalum ibericumt0
- Treatment
- supplementary irrigation and the application of vermicompost, poultry manure, and animal manuree1
- Outcome
- relative water contents, chlorophyll and carotenoid contentse1
- Direction
- improvinge1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Lallemantia iberica”
e1“The results indicated the positive effects of supplementary irrigation and the application of vermicompost, poultry manure, and animal manure by increasing the absorption of nutrients (phosphorus and potassium) and improving relative water contents, chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, and the fixed oil percentage of dragon’s head”
Claim · model-written summary
Supplementary irrigation and organic fertilizers improved the fixed oil percentage of dragon’s head.
- Taxon
- Lallemantia ibericaDracocephalum ibericumt0
- Treatment
- supplementary irrigation and the application of vermicompost, poultry manure, and animal manuree1
- Outcome
- the fixed oil percentagee1
- Direction
- improvinge1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Lallemantia iberica”
e1“The results indicated the positive effects of supplementary irrigation and the application of vermicompost, poultry manure, and animal manure by increasing the absorption of nutrients (phosphorus and potassium) and improving relative water contents, chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, and the fixed oil percentage of dragon’s head”
Claim · model-written summary
Catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities decreased in rainfed plants.
- Taxon
- Lallemantia ibericaDracocephalum ibericumt0
- Treatment
- rainfede2
- Outcome
- activities of catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and superoxide dismutasee2
- Direction
- decreasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Lallemantia iberica”
e2“The activities of catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase decreased in the rainfed plants, whereas organic fertilizer application increased the antioxidant enzyme activity”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic fertilizer application increased antioxidant enzyme activity.
- Taxon
- Lallemantia ibericaDracocephalum ibericumt0
- Treatment
- organic fertilizer applicatione2
- Outcome
- antioxidant enzyme activitye2
- Direction
- increasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Lallemantia iberica”
e2“The activities of catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase decreased in the rainfed plants, whereas organic fertilizer application increased the antioxidant enzyme activity”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yield was highest under vermicompost with supplemental irrigation, at 721 kg ha−1.
- Taxon
- Lallemantia ibericaDracocephalum ibericumt0
- Treatment
- vermicompost under supplemental irrigatione3
- Outcome
- grain yielde3
- Direction
- higheste3
- Value
- 721 kg ha−1e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Lallemantia iberica”
e3“The highest grain yield (721 kg ha−1), biological yield (5858 kg ha−1), total flavonoids (1.47 mg g−1 DW), total phenol (27.90 mg g−1 DW), fixed oil yield (200.17 kg ha−1), and essential oil yield (1.18 kg ha−1) were noted in plants that were treated with vermicompost under supplemental irrigation”
Claim · model-written summary
Biological yield was highest under vermicompost with supplemental irrigation, at 5858 kg ha−1.
- Taxon
- Lallemantia ibericaDracocephalum ibericumt0
- Treatment
- vermicompost under supplemental irrigatione3
- Outcome
- biological yielde3
- Direction
- higheste3
- Value
- 5858 kg ha−1e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Lallemantia iberica”
e3“The highest grain yield (721 kg ha−1), biological yield (5858 kg ha−1), total flavonoids (1.47 mg g−1 DW), total phenol (27.90 mg g−1 DW), fixed oil yield (200.17 kg ha−1), and essential oil yield (1.18 kg ha−1) were noted in plants that were treated with vermicompost under supplemental irrigation”
Claim · model-written summary
Total flavonoids were highest under vermicompost with supplemental irrigation, at 1.47 mg g−1 DW.
- Taxon
- Lallemantia ibericaDracocephalum ibericumt0
- Treatment
- vermicompost under supplemental irrigatione3
- Outcome
- total flavonoidse3
- Direction
- higheste3
- Value
- 1.47 mg g−1 DWe3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Lallemantia iberica”
e3“The highest grain yield (721 kg ha−1), biological yield (5858 kg ha−1), total flavonoids (1.47 mg g−1 DW), total phenol (27.90 mg g−1 DW), fixed oil yield (200.17 kg ha−1), and essential oil yield (1.18 kg ha−1) were noted in plants that were treated with vermicompost under supplemental irrigation”
Claim · model-written summary
Total phenol was highest under vermicompost with supplemental irrigation, at 27.90 mg g−1 DW.
- Taxon
- Lallemantia ibericaDracocephalum ibericumt0
- Treatment
- vermicompost under supplemental irrigatione3
- Outcome
- total phenole3
- Direction
- higheste3
- Value
- 27.90 mg g−1 DWe3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Lallemantia iberica”
e3“The highest grain yield (721 kg ha−1), biological yield (5858 kg ha−1), total flavonoids (1.47 mg g−1 DW), total phenol (27.90 mg g−1 DW), fixed oil yield (200.17 kg ha−1), and essential oil yield (1.18 kg ha−1) were noted in plants that were treated with vermicompost under supplemental irrigation”
Claim · model-written summary
Fixed oil yield was highest under vermicompost with supplemental irrigation, at 200.17 kg ha−1.
- Taxon
- Lallemantia ibericaDracocephalum ibericumt0
- Treatment
- vermicompost under supplemental irrigatione3
- Outcome
- fixed oil yielde3
- Direction
- higheste3
- Value
- 200.17 kg ha−1e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Lallemantia iberica”
e3“The highest grain yield (721 kg ha−1), biological yield (5858 kg ha−1), total flavonoids (1.47 mg g−1 DW), total phenol (27.90 mg g−1 DW), fixed oil yield (200.17 kg ha−1), and essential oil yield (1.18 kg ha−1) were noted in plants that were treated with vermicompost under supplemental irrigation”
Claim · model-written summary
Essential oil yield was highest under vermicompost with supplemental irrigation, at 1.18 kg ha−1.
- Taxon
- Lallemantia ibericaDracocephalum ibericumt0
- Treatment
- vermicompost under supplemental irrigatione3
- Outcome
- essential oil yielde3
- Direction
- higheste3
- Value
- 1.18 kg ha−1e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Lallemantia iberica”
e3“The highest grain yield (721 kg ha−1), biological yield (5858 kg ha−1), total flavonoids (1.47 mg g−1 DW), total phenol (27.90 mg g−1 DW), fixed oil yield (200.17 kg ha−1), and essential oil yield (1.18 kg ha−1) were noted in plants that were treated with vermicompost under supplemental irrigation”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic fertilizers such as vermicompost and poultry manure should be used to substitute chemical fertilizers.
- Taxon
- Lallemantia ibericaDracocephalum ibericumt0
- Outcome
- be used to substitute chemical fertilizerse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Lallemantia iberica”
e4“it is recommended that organic fertilizers such as vermicompost and poultry manure be used to substitute chemical fertilizers”
Claim · model-written summary
These practices can help popularize organic crops under rainfed and supplementary irrigation.
- Taxon
- Lallemantia ibericaDracocephalum ibericumt0
- Outcome
- popularize organic cropse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Lallemantia iberica”
e5“These practices can help popularize organic crops using rainfed and supplementary irrigation”
The same questions in other papers
irrigation · yield · Dracocephalum ibericumPositive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
irrigation · nutrient: content · Dracocephalum ibericumResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
fertilization · nutrient: content · Dracocephalum ibericumResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
irrigation · quality: oil · Dracocephalum ibericumResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
fertilization · quality: oil · Dracocephalum ibericumResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
fertilization · yield · Dracocephalum ibericumResults agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.