Abstract
Abstract Nanoparticles are being utilized in agriculture as fertilizers, pesticides, and agrochemical‐carriers. Designed to be biocompatible and degradable, biopolymer nanoparticles were developed as an alternative to metallic nanoparticles, and though safe‐by‐design, polymeric nanoparticles must be field‐tested prior to largescale use. Several field studies were conducted to observe detrimental effects of biopolymer nanoparticles on plant growth and yield using soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr., as a model system. Biopolymer nanoparticles made from lignin or zein were applied as seed treatments to soybean seeds or as foliar sprays (zein only) to soybean plants. Studies using biopolymer nanoparticle seed treatments (nano‐STs) measured the germination rates and seedling growth were evaluated in the laboratory, while stand counts, plant height, growth stage, yield, and hundred‐seed weight were measured in the field. Foliar treatments assessed nanoparticle impact on flower abortion and pod production. To ensure nano‐STs would not compromise the plant's defensive capabilities, herbivore feeding was assessed using a leaf bioassay for defoliators and a seed damage index for pod feeders. Growth rate, percent germination, or root length were not impacted by nano‐STs. In the field, nano‐STs had no impact on stand counts, heights, growth stage, yield, and hundred‐seed weights. Leaf feeding assays and damage indices indicate plant susceptibility to herbivore attack was not increased due to nano‐STs. Foliar applications of zein nanoparticles did not increase flower abortion or decrease pod set. These results indicate that biopolymer nanoparticles have no negative effects on growth, yield, and herbivore susceptibility and should be suitable for use in agriculture.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Nanoparticle seed treatments did not affect growth rate, germination or root length.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0t0 - Treatment
- nano‐STse0
- Outcome
- Growth rate, percent germination, or root lengthe0
- Direction
- not impactede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Growth rate, percent germination, or root length were not impacted by nano‐STs”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Nanoparticle seed treatments did not affect stands, heights or growth stage in the field.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0t0
- Treatment
- nano‐STse0
- Outcome
- stand counts, heights, growth stagee0
- Direction
- no impacte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the field, nano‐STs had no impact on stand counts, heights, growth stage, yield, and hundred‐seed weights”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Nanoparticle seed treatments did not affect yield or hundred-seed weight.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0t0
- Treatment
- nano‐STse0
- Outcome
- yield, and hundred‐seed weightse0
- Direction
- no impacte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the field, nano‐STs had no impact on stand counts, heights, growth stage, yield, and hundred‐seed weights”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Nanoparticle seed treatments did not increase herbivore susceptibility.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0t0
- Treatment
- nano‐STse0
- Outcome
- plant susceptibility to herbivore attacke0
- Direction
- not increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plant susceptibility to herbivore attack was not increased due to nano‐STs”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar zein nanoparticles did not increase flower abortion.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0t0
- Treatment
- Foliar applications of zein nanoparticlese0
- Outcome
- flower abortione0
- Direction
- did not increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar applications of zein nanoparticles did not increase flower abortion or decrease pod set”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar zein nanoparticles did not decrease pod set.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0t0
- Treatment
- Foliar applications of zein nanoparticlese0
- Outcome
- pod sete0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar applications of zein nanoparticles did not increase flower abortion or decrease pod set”
t0“soybean”
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