Abstract
An antibacterial and plant growth promoting nanoemulsion was formulated using thymol, an essential oil component of plant and Quillaja saponin, a glycoside surfactant of Quillaja tree. The emulsion was prepared by a sonication method. Fifty minutes of sonication delivered a long term stable thymol nanoemulsion which was characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), cryogenic-field emission scanning electron microscopy (Cryo-FESEM) and fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) spectroscopy. Creaming index, pH and dilution stability were also studied for deliberation of its practical applications. The nanoemulsion (0.01-0.06%, v/v) showed substantial in vitro growth inhibition of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycine of soybean (6.7-0.0 log CFU/ml). In pot experiments, seed treatment and foliar application of the nanoemulsion (0.03-0.06%, v/v) significantly lowered the disease severity (DS) (33.3-3.3%) and increased percent efficacy of disease control (PEDC) (54.9-95.4%) of bacterial pustule in soybean caused by X. axonopodis pv. glycine. Subsequently, significant enhancements of plant growth were also recorded in plants treated with thymol nanoemulsion. This is the first report of a thymol based nanoemulsion obtained using Quillaja saponin as a surfactant. Our study claims that nano scale thymol could be a potential antimicrobial and plant growth promoting agent for agriculture.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
The thymol nanoemulsion showed substantial in vitro growth inhibition of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycine.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- nanoemulsion (0.01-0.06%, v/v)e1
- Interactor
- Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycine
Xanthomonas axonopodise1pathogen - Outcome
- in vitro growth inhibitione1
- Value
- 6.7-0.0 log CFU/mle1
- Setting
- in vitroe1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“growth promotory effect on soybean”
e1“The nanoemulsion (0.01-0.06%, v/v) showed substantial in vitro growth inhibition of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycine of soybean (6.7-0.0 log CFU/ml)”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed treatment and foliar application of the nanoemulsion significantly lowered soybean bacterial pustule disease severity.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- seed treatment and foliar application of the nanoemulsion (0.03-0.06%, v/v)e2
- Interactor
- X. axonopodis pv. glycineXanthomonas axonopodise4pathogen
- Outcome
- disease severitye2
- Direction
- lowerede2
- Value
- 33.3-3.3%e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“growth promotory effect on soybean”
e2“seed treatment and foliar application of the nanoemulsion (0.03-0.06%, v/v) significantly lowered the disease severity (DS) (33.3-3.3%)”
e4“bacterial pustule in soybean caused by X. axonopodis pv. glycine”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed treatment and foliar application of the nanoemulsion increased percent efficacy of disease control in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- seed treatment and foliar application of the nanoemulsion (0.03-0.06%, v/v)e2
- Interactor
- X. axonopodis pv. glycineXanthomonas axonopodise4pathogen
- Outcome
- percent efficacy of disease control (PEDC)e3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Value
- 54.9-95.4%e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“growth promotory effect on soybean”
e2“seed treatment and foliar application of the nanoemulsion (0.03-0.06%, v/v) significantly lowered the disease severity (DS) (33.3-3.3%)”
e3“increased percent efficacy of disease control (PEDC) (54.9-95.4%)”
e4“bacterial pustule in soybean caused by X. axonopodis pv. glycine”
Claim · model-written summary
The thymol nanoemulsion significantly enhanced soybean plant growth.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- thymol nanoemulsione5
- Outcome
- plant growthe5
- Direction
- enhancementse5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“growth promotory effect on soybean”
e5“significant enhancements of plant growth were also recorded in plants treated with thymol nanoemulsion”
Claim · model-written summary
Fifty minutes of sonication gave a long-term stable thymol nanoemulsion.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e6“Fifty minutes of sonication delivered a long term stable thymol nanoemulsion”
Claim · model-written summary
This is the first report of a thymol-based nanoemulsion obtained using Quillaja saponin as a surfactant.
- Outcome
- first report of a thymol based nanoemulsione7
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e7“This is the first report of a thymol based nanoemulsion obtained using Quillaja saponin as a surfactant”
The same questions in other papers
thymol · growth · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
nanoparticle · growth · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
73 papers in the same direction as this paper · 8 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- no effect
78 papers more in this group
See all 82 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.