Abstract
BACKGROUND: Increasing crop yield per unit area by increasing planting density is essential to ensure food security. However, the optimal combination of planting density and nitrogen (N) application for high-yielding maize and its source-sink characteristics need to be more clearly understood. RESULTS: ). The results showed that increasing planting density significantly increased leaf area index and grain yield but negatively affected ear traits. The Richards model was used to fit the dynamic changes of dry matter accumulation of maize under different treatments, and the fitting results were good. Increasing planting density increased population yield while limiting the development of individual plants, bringing the period of rapid dry matter accumulation to an early end and accelerating leaf senescence. An appropriate nitrogen rate could prolong the period of rapid accumulation of dry matter in maize, and increase the 100-kernel weight. Increasing planting density enhanced post-silking dry matter accumulation to a lesser extent, and the source-sink relationship of the maize population gradually developed from sink limitation to source limitation with increasing planting density. CONCLUSION: The decrease in yield due to the insufficient source strength to meet the sink demand at too high densities was the reason that limited further improvement of the optimal planting density. An appropriate nitrogen rate facilitated the realization of yield potential at high density. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing density significantly increased leaf area index.
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increasing planting density significantly increased leaf area index and grain yield but negatively affected ear traits.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing density significantly increased grain yield.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increasing planting density significantly increased leaf area index and grain yield but negatively affected ear traits.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing density adversely affected ear traits.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increasing planting density significantly increased leaf area index and grain yield but negatively affected ear traits.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
The Richards model fit maize dry matter accumulation dynamics well.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Richards model was used to fit the dynamic changes of dry matter accumulation of maize under different treatments, and the fitting results were good.”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing density increased population yield.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing planting density increased population yield while limiting the development of individual plants, bringing the period of rapid dry matter accumulation to an early end and accelerating leaf senescence.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing density limited individual plant development.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing planting density increased population yield while limiting the development of individual plants, bringing the period of rapid dry matter accumulation to an early end and accelerating leaf senescence.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing density ended the rapid dry matter accumulation period earlier.
- Treatment
- Increasing planting densitye0
- Outcome
- period of rapid dry matter accumulatione0
- Direction
- early ende0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing planting density increased population yield while limiting the development of individual plants, bringing the period of rapid dry matter accumulation to an early end and accelerating leaf senescence.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing density accelerated leaf senescence.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing planting density increased population yield while limiting the development of individual plants, bringing the period of rapid dry matter accumulation to an early end and accelerating leaf senescence.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Appropriate nitrogen prolonged rapid dry matter accumulation.
- Treatment
- appropriate nitrogen ratee0
- Outcome
- period of rapid accumulation of dry mattere0
- Direction
- prolonge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An appropriate nitrogen rate could prolong the period of rapid accumulation of dry matter in maize, and increase the 100-kernel weight.”
Claim · model-written summary
Appropriate nitrogen increased 100-kernel weight.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An appropriate nitrogen rate could prolong the period of rapid accumulation of dry matter in maize, and increase the 100-kernel weight.”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing density enhanced post-silking dry matter accumulation to a lesser extent.
- Treatment
- Increasing planting densitye0
- Outcome
- post-silking dry matter accumulatione0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing planting density enhanced post-silking dry matter accumulation to a lesser extent”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
With increasing density, population source–sink balance shifted from sink to source limitation.
- Treatment
- increasing planting densitye0
- Outcome
- source-sink relationship of the maize populatione0
- Direction
- developede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the source-sink relationship of the maize population gradually developed from sink limitation to source limitation with increasing planting density.”
Claim · model-written summary
At excessive density, insufficient source strength to meet sink demand limited further yield improvement.
- Outcome
- decrease in yielde0
- Qualifier
- insufficient source strength to meet the sink demand at too high densitiese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The decrease in yield due to the insufficient source strength to meet the sink demand at too high densities was the reason that limited further improvement of the optimal planting density.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Appropriate nitrogen helped realize yield potential at high density.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An appropriate nitrogen rate facilitated the realization of yield potential at high density.”
t0“maize”
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