Abstract
Increases in atmospheric CO2 is known to promote plant growth under heavy metals stress conditions. However, vanadium (V) stress mitigating the impact of eCO2 as well as the physiological and biochemical bases of this stress mitigation have not been well studied. To this end, this study investigated the growth, photosynthetic parameters, oxidative damages antioxidants, and antioxidants enzymes in wheat plants grown under ambient (420 PPM) and high eCO2 (720 ppm) levels. Exposing wheat plants to higher V increased its accumulation in plants which consequentially inhibited plant growth and induced oxidative damage. An increase in antioxidant and detoxification defense systems was observed but it was not enough to reduce V stress toxicity. On the other hand, wheat growth was improved as a result of reduced V uptake and toxicity on photosynthesis under eCO2. To reduce V uptake, wheat accumulated citric acid, and oxalic acid in soil preferentially under both treatments but to more extend under V and eCO2. Additionally, improved photosynthesis induced high carbon availability that was directed to produce chelating proteins (metallothioneins, phytochelatin) and antioxidants (phenolics, flavonoids, total antioxidant capacity). This study advances our knowledge of the processes behind the variations in the physiological and biochemical responses of the wheat crop under V and eCO2 conditions.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Higher vanadium exposure increased its accumulation in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- higher Ve0
- Outcome
- accumulation in plantse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exposing wheat plants to higher V increased its accumulation in plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Vanadium accumulation inhibited wheat growth.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- higher Ve0
- Outcome
- plant growthe0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“higher V increased its accumulation in plants which consequentially inhibited plant growth”
e1“Exposing wheat plants to higher V increased its accumulation in plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher vanadium exposure induced oxidative damage.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- higher Ve0
- Outcome
- oxidative damagee0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exposing wheat plants to higher V increased its accumulation in plants which consequentially inhibited plant growth and induced oxidative damage”
Claim · model-written summary
Antioxidant and detoxification defense systems increased under vanadium stress.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- antioxidant and detoxification defense systemse0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Qualifier
- not enough to reduce V stress toxicitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An increase in antioxidant and detoxification defense systems was observed but it was not enough to reduce V stress toxicity”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 improved wheat growth.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- eCO2e0
- Outcome
- wheat growthe0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat growth was improved as a result of reduced V uptake and toxicity on photosynthesis under eCO2”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 reduced vanadium uptake.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- eCO2e0
- Outcome
- V uptakee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat growth was improved as a result of reduced V uptake and toxicity on photosynthesis under eCO2”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 reduced vanadium toxicity on photosynthesis.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- eCO2e0
- Outcome
- toxicity on photosynthesise0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat growth was improved as a result of reduced V uptake and toxicity on photosynthesis under eCO2”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat accumulated citric acid in soil, especially under combined V and elevated CO2.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- citric acide0
- Direction
- more extende0
- Qualifier
- under V and eCO2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat accumulated citric acid, and oxalic acid in soil preferentially under both treatments but to more extend under V and eCO2”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat accumulated oxalic acid in soil, especially under combined V and elevated CO2.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- oxalic acide0
- Direction
- more extende0
- Qualifier
- under V and eCO2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat accumulated citric acid, and oxalic acid in soil preferentially under both treatments but to more extend under V and eCO2”
Claim · model-written summary
Improved photosynthesis increased carbon availability for chelating proteins.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Outcome
- chelating proteins (metallothioneins, phytochelatin)e0
- Qualifier
- high carbon availabilitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“improved photosynthesis induced high carbon availability that was directed to produce chelating proteins (metallothioneins, phytochelatin)”
e1“Exposing wheat plants to higher V increased its accumulation in plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Improved photosynthesis increased carbon availability for antioxidants.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Outcome
- antioxidants (phenolics, flavonoids, total antioxidant capacity)e0
- Qualifier
- high carbon availabilitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“improved photosynthesis induced high carbon availability that was directed to produce chelating proteins (metallothioneins, phytochelatin) and antioxidants (phenolics, flavonoids, total antioxidant capacity)”
e1“Exposing wheat plants to higher V increased its accumulation in plants”
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