Abstract
Sorghum production in semi-arid lands is constrained by inadequate soil moisture and low nitrogen. Research was carried out between 2018-2020 to determine the effect of nitrogen fertilizer on nitrogen use efficiency, yield on selected sorghum genotypes and genotypes suitable for low soil fertility in semi-arid lands. The experiment was a randomized complete block design in a split-plot arrangement with 11 sorghum genotypes in the main plot and nitrogen (0, 6.5 and 32.5 kgha-1) as the sub-plots in three replicates. Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and its indices agronomic efficiency (AE), nitrogen internal utilization (IE), physiological efficiency (PE), nitrogen recovery efficiency, nitrogen harvest index (NHI) and partial factor productivity (PFP) were obtained from sorghum yield data and nitrogen uptake. The results showed that nitrogen application at 6.5 kgha-1 and 32.5 kgha-1 significantly increased grain yield, stover weight and total dry matter (TDM) by 43% and 116%, 39% and 85% and 42% and 57% respectively. Sorghum genotypes TTKKIAMA6, KTIRASTAMMA4, SNYAKTOSA5, and MKNKKIRWMA2 had significantly higher grain yield and low N uptake implying they are N-efficient. NUE of sorghum decreased with increasing N application. Nitrogen internal utilization efficiency (IE) was significantly higher at zero N application rate implying better N assimilation by sorghum genotypes at low N. AE, PE, RE and PFP were all significantly higher at 6.5 kg N ha-1. All tested genotypes had significantly high NUE (90 to 1148 kgkg-1, RE (27 to 94 kgkg-1), AE (41 to 139 kgkg-1), PE (27 to 84 kgkg-1) and IE (41 to 139 kgkg-1) than the check (Gadam). It was concluded that sorghum genotypes yield parameters were increased by nitrogen application, NUE was highest at low N levels and its indices were significantly higher at 6.5 kg Nha-1. Four genotypes were found to be highly N-efficient and are recommended for sorghum improvement.
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen at 6.5 kg/ha significantly increased sorghum grain yield by 43%.
- Treatment
- 6.5 kgha-1e0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- significantly increasede0
- Value
- 43%e0
- Setting
- semi-arid regions of Kenyat0
SorghumNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sorghum genotypes in semi-arid regions of Kenya”
e0“The results showed that nitrogen application at 6.5 kgha-1 and 32.5 kgha-1 significantly increased grain yield, stover weight and total dry matter (TDM) by 43% and 116%, 39% and 85% and 42% and 57% respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen at 32.5 kg/ha significantly increased sorghum grain yield by 116%.
- Treatment
- 32.5 kgha-1e0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- significantly increasede0
- Value
- 116%e0
- Setting
- semi-arid regions of Kenyat0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sorghum genotypes in semi-arid regions of Kenya”
e0“The results showed that nitrogen application at 6.5 kgha-1 and 32.5 kgha-1 significantly increased grain yield, stover weight and total dry matter (TDM) by 43% and 116%, 39% and 85% and 42% and 57% respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen at 6.5 kg/ha significantly increased sorghum stover weight by 39%.
- Treatment
- 6.5 kgha-1e0
- Outcome
- stover weighte0
- Direction
- significantly increasede0
- Value
- 39%e0
- Setting
- semi-arid regions of Kenyat0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sorghum genotypes in semi-arid regions of Kenya”
e0“The results showed that nitrogen application at 6.5 kgha-1 and 32.5 kgha-1 significantly increased grain yield, stover weight and total dry matter (TDM) by 43% and 116%, 39% and 85% and 42% and 57% respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen at 32.5 kg/ha significantly increased sorghum stover weight by 85%.
- Treatment
- 32.5 kgha-1e0
- Outcome
- stover weighte0
- Direction
- significantly increasede0
- Value
- 85%e0
- Setting
- semi-arid regions of Kenyat0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sorghum genotypes in semi-arid regions of Kenya”
e0“The results showed that nitrogen application at 6.5 kgha-1 and 32.5 kgha-1 significantly increased grain yield, stover weight and total dry matter (TDM) by 43% and 116%, 39% and 85% and 42% and 57% respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen at 6.5 kg/ha significantly increased sorghum total dry matter by 42%.
- Treatment
- 6.5 kgha-1e0
- Outcome
- total dry matter (TDM)e0
- Direction
- significantly increasede0
- Value
- 42%e0
- Setting
- semi-arid regions of Kenyat0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sorghum genotypes in semi-arid regions of Kenya”
e0“The results showed that nitrogen application at 6.5 kgha-1 and 32.5 kgha-1 significantly increased grain yield, stover weight and total dry matter (TDM) by 43% and 116%, 39% and 85% and 42% and 57% respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen at 32.5 kg/ha significantly increased sorghum total dry matter by 57%.
- Treatment
- 32.5 kgha-1e0
- Outcome
- total dry matter (TDM)e0
- Direction
- significantly increasede0
- Value
- 57%e0
- Setting
- semi-arid regions of Kenyat0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sorghum genotypes in semi-arid regions of Kenya”
e0“The results showed that nitrogen application at 6.5 kgha-1 and 32.5 kgha-1 significantly increased grain yield, stover weight and total dry matter (TDM) by 43% and 116%, 39% and 85% and 42% and 57% respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Sorghum genotypes TTKKIAMA6, KTIRASTAMMA4, SNYAKTOSA5 and MKNKKIRWMA2 had significantly higher grain yield.
- Material
- TTKKIAMA6, KTIRASTAMMA4, SNYAKTOSA5, and MKNKKIRWMA2e1
- Outcome
- grain yielde1
- Direction
- significantly highere1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sorghum genotypes in semi-arid regions of Kenya”
e1“Sorghum genotypes TTKKIAMA6, KTIRASTAMMA4, SNYAKTOSA5, and MKNKKIRWMA2 had significantly higher grain yield and low N uptake implying they are N-efficient.”
Claim · model-written summary
Sorghum genotypes TTKKIAMA6, KTIRASTAMMA4, SNYAKTOSA5 and MKNKKIRWMA2 had low N uptake, implying N efficiency.
- Material
- TTKKIAMA6, KTIRASTAMMA4, SNYAKTOSA5, and MKNKKIRWMA2e1
- Outcome
- N uptakee1
- Direction
- lowe1
- Qualifier
- implying they are N-efficiente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sorghum genotypes in semi-arid regions of Kenya”
e1“Sorghum genotypes TTKKIAMA6, KTIRASTAMMA4, SNYAKTOSA5, and MKNKKIRWMA2 had significantly higher grain yield and low N uptake implying they are N-efficient.”
Claim · model-written summary
NUE of sorghum decreased with increasing nitrogen application.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sorghum genotypes in semi-arid regions of Kenya”
e2“NUE of sorghum decreased with increasing N application.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen internal utilization efficiency of sorghum was significantly higher at zero N application rate.
- Treatment
- zero N application ratee3
- Outcome
- Nitrogen internal utilization efficiency (IE)e3
- Direction
- significantly highere3
- Qualifier
- implying better N assimilation by sorghum genotypes at low Ne3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sorghum genotypes in semi-arid regions of Kenya”
e3“Nitrogen internal utilization efficiency (IE) was significantly higher at zero N application rate implying better N assimilation by sorghum genotypes at low N.”
Claim · model-written summary
AE, PE and RE of sorghum were significantly higher at 6.5 kg N/ha.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sorghum genotypes in semi-arid regions of Kenya”
e4“AE, PE, RE and PFP were all significantly higher at 6.5 kg N ha-1.”
Claim · model-written summary
PFP of sorghum was significantly higher at 6.5 kg/ha.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sorghum genotypes in semi-arid regions of Kenya”
e4“AE, PE, RE and PFP were all significantly higher at 6.5 kg N ha-1.”
Claim · model-written summary
All tested sorghum genotypes had significantly high NUE, 90 to 1148 kgkg-1, compared with the check Gadam.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sorghum genotypes in semi-arid regions of Kenya”
e5“All tested genotypes had significantly high NUE (90 to 1148 kgkg-1, RE (27 to 94 kgkg-1), AE (41 to 139 kgkg-1), PE (27 to 84 kgkg-1) and IE (41 to 139 kgkg-1) than the check (Gadam).”
Claim · model-written summary
All tested sorghum genotypes had significantly high RE, 27 to 94 kgkg-1, compared with the check Gadam.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sorghum genotypes in semi-arid regions of Kenya”
e5“All tested genotypes had significantly high NUE (90 to 1148 kgkg-1, RE (27 to 94 kgkg-1), AE (41 to 139 kgkg-1), PE (27 to 84 kgkg-1) and IE (41 to 139 kgkg-1) than the check (Gadam).”
Claim · model-written summary
All tested sorghum genotypes had significantly high AE, 41 to 139 kgkg-1, compared with the check Gadam.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sorghum genotypes in semi-arid regions of Kenya”
e5“All tested genotypes had significantly high NUE (90 to 1148 kgkg-1, RE (27 to 94 kgkg-1), AE (41 to 139 kgkg-1), PE (27 to 84 kgkg-1) and IE (41 to 139 kgkg-1) than the check (Gadam).”
Claim · model-written summary
All tested sorghum genotypes had significantly high PE, 27 to 84 kgkg-1, compared with the check Gadam.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sorghum genotypes in semi-arid regions of Kenya”
e5“All tested genotypes had significantly high NUE (90 to 1148 kgkg-1, RE (27 to 94 kgkg-1), AE (41 to 139 kgkg-1), PE (27 to 84 kgkg-1) and IE (41 to 139 kgkg-1) than the check (Gadam).”
Claim · model-written summary
All tested sorghum genotypes had significantly high IE, 41 to 139 kgkg-1, compared with the check Gadam.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sorghum genotypes in semi-arid regions of Kenya”
e5“All tested genotypes had significantly high NUE (90 to 1148 kgkg-1, RE (27 to 94 kgkg-1), AE (41 to 139 kgkg-1), PE (27 to 84 kgkg-1) and IE (41 to 139 kgkg-1) than the check (Gadam).”
Claim · model-written summary
Four sorghum genotypes are highly N-efficient and recommended for sorghum improvement.
- Outcome
- sorghum improvemente6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sorghum genotypes in semi-arid regions of Kenya”
e6“Four genotypes were found to be highly N-efficient and are recommended for sorghum improvement.”
Claim · model-written summary
NUE of sorghum was highest at low N levels.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sorghum genotypes in semi-arid regions of Kenya”
e7“NUE was highest at low N levels and its indices were significantly higher at 6.5 kg Nha-1”
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