Abstract
Abstract Tillering and yield are linked in rice, with significant efforts being invested to understand the genetic basis of this phenomenon. However, in addition to genetic factors, tillering is also influenced by the environment. Exploiting experiments in which seedlings were first grown in elevated CO 2 (eCO 2 ) before transfer and further growth under ambient CO 2 (aCO 2 ) levels, we found that even moderate exposure times to eCO 2 were sufficient to induce tillering in seedlings, which was maintained in plants grown to maturity plants in controlled environment chambers. We then explored whether brief exposure to eCO 2 (eCO 2 priming) could be implemented to regulate tiller number and yield in the field. We designed a cost-effective growth system, using yeast to increase the CO 2 level for the first 24 days of growth, and grew these seedlings to maturity in semi-field conditions in Malaysia. The increased growth caused by eCO 2 priming translated into larger mature plants with increased tillering, panicle number, and improved grain filling and 1000 grain weight. In order to make the process more appealing to conventional rice farmers, we then developed a system in which fungal mycelium was used to generate the eCO 2 via respiration of sugars derived by growing the fungus on lignocellulosic waste. Not only does this provide a sustainable source of CO 2 , it also has the added financial benefit to farmers of generating economically valuable oyster mushrooms as an end-product of mycelium growth. Our experiments show that the system is capable of generating sufficient CO 2 to induce increased tillering in rice seedlings, leading eventually to 18% more tillers and panicles in mature paddy-grown crop. We discuss the potential of eCO 2 priming as a rapidly implementable, broadly applicable and sustainable system to increase tillering, and thus yield potential in rice.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Moderate early elevated CO2 exposure induced seedling tillering that persisted to maturity.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- eCO 2e0
- Outcome
- tilleringe0
- Direction
- inducee0
- Setting
- controlled environment chamberse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“even moderate exposure times to eCO 2 were sufficient to induce tillering in seedlings, which was maintained in plants grown to maturity plants in controlled environment chambers”
t0“Rice Tiller Number”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 priming produced larger mature plants.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- eCO 2 priminge0
- Outcome
- mature plantse0
- Direction
- largere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The increased growth caused by eCO 2 priming translated into larger mature plants with increased tillering, panicle number, and improved grain filling and 1000 grain weight”
t0“Rice Tiller Number”
Claim · model-written summary
Priming increased tillering and panicle number.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- eCO 2 priminge1
- Outcome
- tillering, panicle numbere0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“larger mature plants with increased tillering, panicle number, and improved grain filling and 1000 grain weight”
t0“Rice Tiller Number”
e1“The increased growth caused by eCO 2 priming translated into larger mature plants with increased tillering, panicle number, and improved grain filling and 1000 grain weight”
Claim · model-written summary
Priming improved grain filling and thousand grain weight.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- eCO 2 priminge1
- Outcome
- grain filling and 1000 grain weighte0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“improved grain filling and 1000 grain weight”
t0“Rice Tiller Number”
e1“The increased growth caused by eCO 2 priming translated into larger mature plants with increased tillering, panicle number, and improved grain filling and 1000 grain weight”
Claim · model-written summary
The fungal mycelium system supplied enough CO2 to induce increased rice seedling tillering.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- CO 2e0
- Outcome
- tilleringe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the system is capable of generating sufficient CO 2 to induce increased tillering in rice seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Mature paddy rice had 18% more tillers after priming.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- eCO 2 priminge1
- Outcome
- tillerse0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 18%e0
- Setting
- paddy-grown crope0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“leading eventually to 18% more tillers and panicles in mature paddy-grown crop”
t0“Rice Tiller Number”
e1“The increased growth caused by eCO 2 priming translated into larger mature plants with increased tillering, panicle number, and improved grain filling and 1000 grain weight”
Claim · model-written summary
Mature paddy rice had 18% more panicles after priming.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- eCO 2 priminge1
- Outcome
- paniclese0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 18%e0
- Setting
- paddy-grown crope0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“leading eventually to 18% more tillers and panicles in mature paddy-grown crop”
t0“Rice Tiller Number”
e1“The increased growth caused by eCO 2 priming translated into larger mature plants with increased tillering, panicle number, and improved grain filling and 1000 grain weight”
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