Abstract
Abstract Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) is a devastating viral pathogen of pepper (Capsicum annuum) but it is unclear whether and how peppers protect against PMMoV infection. The expression of the chloroplast outer membrane protein 24 (OMP24) of C. annuum was upregulated under PMMoV infection and it interacted with PMMoV coat protein (CP). Silencing of OMP24 in either C. annuum or Nicotiana benthamiana facilitated PMMoV infection, whereas overexpression of N. benthamiana OMP24 in transgenic plants inhibited PMMoV infection. Both C. annuum OMP24 (CaOMP24) and N. benthamiana OMP24 (NbOMP24) localized to the chloroplast and have a moderately hydrophobic transmembrane domain that is necessary for their localization. Overexpression of CaOMP24 induced stromules, perinuclear chloroplast clustering, and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the typical defense responses of chloroplasts transferring the retrograde signaling to the nucleus to regulate resistance genes. The expression of PR1 and PR2 was also upregulated significantly in plants overexpressing OMP24. Self-interaction of OMP24 was demonstrated and was required for OMP24-mediated plant defense. Interaction with PMMoV CP interfered with the self-interaction of OMP24 and impaired OMP24-induced stromules, perinuclear chloroplast clustering and ROS accumulation. The results demonstrate the defense function of OMP24 in pepper during viral infection and suggest a possible mechanism by which PMMoV CP modulates the plant defense to facilitate viral infection.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
OMP24 expression in pepper was upregulated under PMMoV infection.
- Taxon
- C. annuum
Capsicum annuume1 - Treatment
- PMMoV infectione1
- Interactor
- PMMoVe1pathogen
- Gene
- OMP24e1
- Outcome
- expressione1
- Direction
- upregulatede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The expression of the chloroplast outer membrane protein 24 (OMP24) of C. annuum was upregulated under PMMoV infection”
Claim · model-written summary
OMP24 of pepper interacted with PMMoV coat protein.
- Taxon
- C. annuumCapsicum annuume2
- Interactor
- PMMoVe1pathogen
- Gene
- OMP24e2
- Outcome
- interactede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“it interacted with PMMoV coat protein (CP)”
e2“The expression of the chloroplast outer membrane protein 24 (OMP24) of C. annuum”
Claim · model-written summary
Silencing OMP24 in pepper facilitated PMMoV infection.
- Taxon
- C. annuumCapsicum annuume1
- Treatment
- Silencing of OMP24e1
- Interactor
- PMMoVe1pathogen
- Gene
- OMP24e1
- Outcome
- PMMoV infectione1
- Direction
- facilitatede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Silencing of OMP24 in either C. annuum or Nicotiana benthamiana facilitated PMMoV infection”
Claim · model-written summary
Silencing OMP24 in Nicotiana benthamiana facilitated PMMoV infection.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamiana
Nicotiana benthamianae1 - Treatment
- Silencing of OMP24e1
- Interactor
- PMMoVe1pathogen
- Gene
- OMP24e1
- Outcome
- PMMoV infectione1
- Direction
- facilitatede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Silencing of OMP24 in either C. annuum or Nicotiana benthamiana facilitated PMMoV infection”
Claim · model-written summary
Overexpression of N. benthamiana OMP24 in transgenic plants inhibited PMMoV infection.
- Taxon
- N. benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae1
- Treatment
- overexpression of N. benthamiana OMP24 in transgenic plantse1
- Interactor
- PMMoVe1pathogen
- Gene
- N. benthamiana OMP24e1
- Outcome
- PMMoV infectione1
- Direction
- inhibitede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“overexpression of N. benthamiana OMP24 in transgenic plants inhibited PMMoV infection”
Claim · model-written summary
C. annuum OMP24 (CaOMP24) localized to the chloroplast.
- Taxon
- C. annuumCapsicum annuume1
- Gene
- CaOMP24e1
- Outcome
- localized to the chloroplaste1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Both C. annuum OMP24 (CaOMP24) and N. benthamiana OMP24 (NbOMP24) localized to the chloroplast”
Claim · model-written summary
N. benthamiana OMP24 (NbOMP24) localized to the chloroplast.
- Taxon
- N. benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae1
- Gene
- NbOMP24e1
- Outcome
- localized to the chloroplaste1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Both C. annuum OMP24 (CaOMP24) and N. benthamiana OMP24 (NbOMP24) localized to the chloroplast”
Claim · model-written summary
The moderately hydrophobic transmembrane domain of C. annuum OMP24 is necessary for its localization.
- Taxon
- C. annuumCapsicum annuume1
- Gene
- CaOMP24e1
- Outcome
- localizatione1
- Qualifier
- moderately hydrophobic transmembrane domain that is necessarye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Both C. annuum OMP24 (CaOMP24) and N. benthamiana OMP24 (NbOMP24) localized to the chloroplast and have a moderately hydrophobic transmembrane domain that is necessary for their localization”
Claim · model-written summary
The moderately hydrophobic transmembrane domain of N. benthamiana OMP24 is necessary for its localization.
- Taxon
- N. benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae1
- Gene
- NbOMP24e1
- Outcome
- localizatione1
- Qualifier
- moderately hydrophobic transmembrane domain that is necessarye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Both C. annuum OMP24 (CaOMP24) and N. benthamiana OMP24 (NbOMP24) localized to the chloroplast and have a moderately hydrophobic transmembrane domain that is necessary for their localization”
Claim · model-written summary
Overexpression of CaOMP24 in pepper induced stromules, perinuclear chloroplast clustering and ROS accumulation.
- Taxon
- C. annuumCapsicum annuume2
- Treatment
- Overexpression of CaOMP24e1
- Outcome
- stromules, perinuclear chloroplast clustering, and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS)e1
- Direction
- inducede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Overexpression of CaOMP24 induced stromules, perinuclear chloroplast clustering, and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS)”
e2“C. annuum OMP24 (CaOMP24)”
Claim · model-written summary
PR1 and PR2 expression was upregulated significantly in pepper plants overexpressing OMP24.
- Taxon
- C. annuumCapsicum annuume1
- Treatment
- plants overexpressing OMP24e2
- Gene
- PR1 and PR2e2
- Outcome
- expression of PR1 and PR2e2
- Direction
- upregulatede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“C. annuum OMP24 (CaOMP24)”
e2“The expression of PR1 and PR2 was also upregulated significantly in plants overexpressing OMP24”
Claim · model-written summary
Self-interaction of OMP24 was demonstrated in pepper.
- Taxon
- C. annuumCapsicum annuume1
- Gene
- OMP24e2
- Outcome
- Self-interaction of OMP24e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“C. annuum OMP24 (CaOMP24)”
e2“Self-interaction of OMP24 was demonstrated”
Claim · model-written summary
Self-interaction of OMP24 was required for OMP24-mediated plant defence in pepper.
- Taxon
- C. annuumCapsicum annuume1
- Gene
- OMP24e2
- Outcome
- OMP24-mediated plant defensee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“C. annuum OMP24 (CaOMP24)”
e2“was required for OMP24-mediated plant defense”
Claim · model-written summary
Interaction of PMMoV coat protein with OMP24 interfered with OMP24 self-interaction.
- Taxon
- C. annuumCapsicum annuume1
- Treatment
- Interaction with PMMoV CPe2
- Interactor
- PMMoVe2pathogen
- Gene
- OMP24e2
- Outcome
- self-interaction of OMP24e2
- Direction
- interferede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“C. annuum OMP24 (CaOMP24)”
e2“Interaction with PMMoV CP interfered with the self-interaction of OMP24 and impaired OMP24-induced stromules, perinuclear chloroplast clustering and ROS accumulation”
Claim · model-written summary
Interaction of PMMoV coat protein with OMP24 impaired OMP24-induced stromules, chloroplast clustering and ROS accumulation.
- Taxon
- C. annuumCapsicum annuume1
- Treatment
- Interaction with PMMoV CPe2
- Interactor
- PMMoVe2pathogen
- Outcome
- OMP24-induced stromules, perinuclear chloroplast clustering and ROS accumulatione2
- Direction
- impairede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“C. annuum OMP24 (CaOMP24)”
e2“Interaction with PMMoV CP interfered with the self-interaction of OMP24 and impaired OMP24-induced stromules, perinuclear chloroplast clustering and ROS accumulation”
Claim · model-written summary
PMMoV coat protein may modulate pepper plant defence to facilitate viral infection.
Verbatim
e1“suggest a possible mechanism by which PMMoV CP modulates the plant defense to facilitate viral infection”
e2“The results demonstrate the defense function of OMP24 in pepper during viral infection”
The same questions in other papers
infection · molecular: expression · Capsicum annuum (sweet pepper)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.