Abstract
The cultivation of rice is widespread worldwide, but its growth and productivity are hampered by heavy metals stress. However, sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a nitric oxide donor, has been found to be effective for imparting heavy metals stress tolerance to plants. Therefore, the current study evaluated the role of exogenously applied SNP in improving plant growth and development under Hg, Cr, Cu, and Zn stress. For this purpose, heavy metals stress was induced via the application of 1 mM mercury (Hg), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn). To reverse the toxic effects of heavy metals stress, 0.1 mM SNP was administrated via the root zone. The results revealed that the said heavy metals significantly reduced the chlorophyll contents (SPAD), chlorophyll a and b, and protein contents. However, SNP treatment significantly reduced the toxic effects of the said heavy metals on chlorophyll (SPAD), chlorophyll a and b, and protein contents. In addition, the results also revealed that heavy metals significantly increased the production of superoxide anion (SOA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), and electrolyte leakage (EL). However, SNP administration significantly reduced the production of SOA, H2O2, MDA, and EL in response to the said heavy metals. Furthermore, to cope with the said heavy metals stress, SNP administration significantly enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and polyphenol peroxidase (PPO). Furthermore, in response to the said heavy metals, SNP application also upregulated the transcript accumulation of OsPCS1, OsPCS2, OsMTP1, OsMTP5, OsMT-I-1a, and OsMT-I-1b. Therefore, SNP can be used as a regulator to improve the heavy metals tolerance of rice in heavy-metals-affected areas.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Heavy metals reduced chlorophyll and protein contents.
- Taxon
- Rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- heavy metalse0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contents (SPAD), chlorophyll a and b, and protein contentse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the said heavy metals significantly reduced the chlorophyll contents (SPAD), chlorophyll a and b, and protein contents”
t0“Rice Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
SNP alleviated heavy metal effects on chlorophyll and protein contents.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- SNP treatmente0
- Outcome
- toxic effects of the said heavy metals on chlorophyll (SPAD), chlorophyll a and b, and protein contentse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SNP treatment significantly reduced the toxic effects of the said heavy metals on chlorophyll (SPAD), chlorophyll a and b, and protein contents”
t0“Rice Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Heavy metals increased oxidative stress markers and electrolyte leakage.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- heavy metalse0
- Outcome
- production of superoxide anion (SOA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), and electrolyte leakage (EL)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“heavy metals significantly increased the production of superoxide anion (SOA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), and electrolyte leakage (EL)”
t0“Rice Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
SNP reduced oxidative stress markers and electrolyte leakage under heavy metals.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- SNP administratione0
- Outcome
- production of SOA, H2O2, MDA, and ELe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SNP administration significantly reduced the production of SOA, H2O2, MDA, and EL in response to the said heavy metals”
t0“Rice Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
SNP enhanced four antioxidant enzyme activities during heavy metal stress.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- SNP administratione0
- Outcome
- activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and polyphenol peroxidase (PPO)e0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SNP administration significantly enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and polyphenol peroxidase (PPO)”
t0“Rice Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
SNP upregulated transcripts of six named genes during heavy metal stress.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- SNP applicatione0
- Gene
- OsPCS1, OsPCS2, OsMTP1, OsMTP5, OsMT-I-1a, and OsMT-I-1be0
- Outcome
- transcript accumulatione0
- Direction
- upregulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SNP application also upregulated the transcript accumulation of OsPCS1, OsPCS2, OsMTP1, OsMTP5, OsMT-I-1a, and OsMT-I-1b”
t0“Rice Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest SNP as a rice heavy metal tolerance regulator.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- SNP can be used as a regulator to improve the heavy metals tolerancee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SNP can be used as a regulator to improve the heavy metals tolerance of rice in heavy-metals-affected areas”
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