Abstract
Abstract Background Humic acid (HA) is an organic acid that is naturally present in soil organic matter and improves nutrient availability and the mechanisms involved in plant growth and development. Likewise, salicylic acid (SA) is an important plant hormone involved in the regulation of plant growth and development. A pot experiment was carried out to determine the effects of individual or combined HA and SA application on growth and yield of maize ( Zea mays L.) under drought stress conditions. Two maize hybrids, namely, 30T60 (drought tolerant) and 75S75 (drought sensitive), were grown in semi‐controlled conditions and foliar applied with SA (1 mM), HA (100 mg L −1 ) and their combination (HA + SA). The plants were exposed to drought stress at the tasseling stage (R1, 60 days after sowing) for 2 weeks, while control plants were given normal irrigation. Results The results showed that HA and SA applications significantly enhanced the gas exchange characteristics (photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, and stomatal conductance), and antioxidant activity (catalase, guaiacol peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase) of water stressed maize plants. Foliar SA spray significantly increased the photosynthetic efficiency and activity of enzymatic antioxidants closely followed by HA + SA application that ultimately improved the yield and net benefit cost ratio of maize under water deficit conditions. Conclusion Our findings suggest that foliar spraying of SA at the initiation of the reproductive stage is a cost‐effective strategy to obtain a high maize yield under limited water conditions.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
HA and SA applications significantly enhanced gas exchange characteristics of water-stressed maize.
- Treatment
- HA and SA applicationse2
- Outcome
- gas exchange characteristics (photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, and stomatal conductance)e2
- Direction
- enhancede2
- Setting
- pot experimente1
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“A pot experiment was carried out to determine the effects of individual or combined HA and SA application on growth and yield of maize ( Zea mays L.) under drought stress conditions”
e2“HA and SA applications significantly enhanced the gas exchange characteristics (photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, and stomatal conductance), and antioxidant activity (catalase, guaiacol peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase) of water stressed maize plants”
Claim · model-written summary
HA and SA applications significantly enhanced antioxidant activity of water-stressed maize.
- Treatment
- HA and SA applicationse2
- Outcome
- antioxidant activity (catalase, guaiacol peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase)e2
- Direction
- enhancede2
- Setting
- pot experimente1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“A pot experiment was carried out to determine the effects of individual or combined HA and SA application on growth and yield of maize ( Zea mays L.) under drought stress conditions”
e2“HA and SA applications significantly enhanced the gas exchange characteristics (photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, and stomatal conductance), and antioxidant activity (catalase, guaiacol peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase) of water stressed maize plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar SA spray significantly increased the photosynthetic efficiency of maize under water deficit.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“A pot experiment was carried out to determine the effects of individual or combined HA and SA application on growth and yield of maize ( Zea mays L.) under drought stress conditions”
e3“Foliar SA spray significantly increased the photosynthetic efficiency and activity of enzymatic antioxidants closely followed by HA + SA application that ultimately improved the yield and net benefit cost ratio of maize under water deficit conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar SA spray significantly increased the activity of enzymatic antioxidants of maize under water deficit.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“A pot experiment was carried out to determine the effects of individual or combined HA and SA application on growth and yield of maize ( Zea mays L.) under drought stress conditions”
e3“Foliar SA spray significantly increased the photosynthetic efficiency and activity of enzymatic antioxidants closely followed by HA + SA application that ultimately improved the yield and net benefit cost ratio of maize under water deficit conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
HA + SA application improved the yield and net benefit cost ratio of maize under water deficit.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“A pot experiment was carried out to determine the effects of individual or combined HA and SA application on growth and yield of maize ( Zea mays L.) under drought stress conditions”
e3“Foliar SA spray significantly increased the photosynthetic efficiency and activity of enzymatic antioxidants closely followed by HA + SA application that ultimately improved the yield and net benefit cost ratio of maize under water deficit conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar spraying of SA at the initiation of the reproductive stage is a cost-effective strategy to obtain a high maize yield under limited water.
- Organ / stage
- reproductive stagee5
- Outcome
- foliar spraying of SA at the initiation of the reproductive stagee5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“to obtain a high maize yield under limited water conditions”
e5“foliar spraying of SA at the initiation of the reproductive stage”
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See all 10 papers →8 of 9 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.