Abstract
The use of green nano-amendments is a promising approach for improving soil health and providing sustainable options to reduce root-knot nematodes (RKN) and thus increase yields. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to identify the characteristics of nano-amendments such as nanobiochar (nB), green nanobiochar (GnB), and magnetic nanobiochar (MnB) and their effect on the root-knot nematodes and tomato yield at levels of 3 and 6 mg kg−1 in sandy loam soil. The results showed that the GnB and MnB contain many functional groups (such as O-H, C=C, S-H, H-C=O, C-O, and H–O–H) and minerals (such as magnetite, ferrous sulfate monohydrate, and quartz), and they also had an elevated specific surface area. The application of the investigated soil nano-amendments significantly increased soil organic matter (OM) and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and decreased the root-knot nematodes, playing a major role in increasing tomato growth. The highest significant values of OM and MBC were found in the soil amended by GnB at 6 mg kg−1, with increases of 84.7% and 71.5% as compared to the control, respectively. GnB6 significantly decreased the number of root galls, the egg mass, and number of nematodes per 250 cm3 soil by 77.67, 88.65, and 74.46%, respectively, compared to the control. Green nanobiochar was more efficient in accelerating the growth and yield components of the tomato plant. The addition of GnB is an effective strategy and an environmentally friendly technology to control plant parasitic nematodes and increase tomato yield. Therefore, the results recommend adding GnB at a rate of 6 mg kg−1 in sandy loam soil.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
GnB contained multiple functional groups and minerals and had elevated specific surface area.
- Taxon
- Tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- GnBe0
- Outcome
- functional groupse0
- Qualifier
- elevated specific surface areae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results showed that the GnB and MnB contain many functional groups (such as O-H, C=C, S-H, H-C=O, C-O, and H–O–H) and minerals (such as magnetite, ferrous sulfate monohydrate, and quartz), and they also had an elevated specific surface area.”
t0“Tomato Plant”
Claim · model-written summary
MnB contained multiple functional groups and minerals and had elevated specific surface area.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- MnBe0
- Outcome
- functional groupse0
- Qualifier
- elevated specific surface areae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results showed that the GnB and MnB contain many functional groups (such as O-H, C=C, S-H, H-C=O, C-O, and H–O–H) and minerals (such as magnetite, ferrous sulfate monohydrate, and quartz), and they also had an elevated specific surface area.”
t0“Tomato Plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil nano-amendments significantly increased soil organic matter (OM).
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- soil nano-amendmentse0
- Outcome
- soil organic matter (OM)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of the investigated soil nano-amendments significantly increased soil organic matter (OM) and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and decreased the root-knot nematodes, playing a major role in increasing tomato growth.”
t0“Tomato Plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil nano-amendments significantly increased microbial biomass carbon (MBC).
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- soil nano-amendmentse0
- Outcome
- microbial biomass carbon (MBC)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of the investigated soil nano-amendments significantly increased soil organic matter (OM) and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and decreased the root-knot nematodes, playing a major role in increasing tomato growth.”
t0“Tomato Plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil nano-amendments decreased root-knot nematodes.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- soil nano-amendmentse0
- Interactor
- root-knot nematodes
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=60)
Meloidogynee0pest - Outcome
- root-knot nematodese0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“The application of the investigated soil nano-amendments significantly increased soil organic matter (OM) and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and decreased the root-knot nematodes, playing a major role in increasing tomato growth.”
t0“Tomato Plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil nano-amendments increased tomato growth.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- soil nano-amendmentse0
- Outcome
- tomato growthe0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of the investigated soil nano-amendments significantly increased soil organic matter (OM) and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and decreased the root-knot nematodes, playing a major role in increasing tomato growth.”
Claim · model-written summary
GnB at 6 mg kg−1 increased soil OM by 84.7% versus control.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- GnB at 6 mg kg−1e0
- Outcome
- OMe0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 84.7%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest significant values of OM and MBC were found in the soil amended by GnB at 6 mg kg−1, with increases of 84.7% and 71.5% as compared to the control, respectively.”
t0“Tomato Plant”
Claim · model-written summary
GnB at 6 mg kg−1 increased soil MBC by 71.5% versus control.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- GnB at 6 mg kg−1e0
- Outcome
- MBCe0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 71.5%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest significant values of OM and MBC were found in the soil amended by GnB at 6 mg kg−1, with increases of 84.7% and 71.5% as compared to the control, respectively.”
t0“Tomato Plant”
Claim · model-written summary
GnB6 reduced number of root galls by 77.67% versus control.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- GnB6e0
- Outcome
- number of root gallse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 77.67e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GnB6 significantly decreased the number of root galls, the egg mass, and number of nematodes per 250 cm3 soil by 77.67, 88.65, and 74.46%, respectively, compared to the control.”
t0“Tomato Plant”
Claim · model-written summary
GnB6 reduced egg mass by 88.65% versus control.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- GnB6e0
- Outcome
- egg masse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 88.65e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GnB6 significantly decreased the number of root galls, the egg mass, and number of nematodes per 250 cm3 soil by 77.67, 88.65, and 74.46%, respectively, compared to the control.”
t0“Tomato Plant”
Claim · model-written summary
GnB6 reduced number of nematodes per 250 cm3 soil by 74.46% versus control.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- GnB6e0
- Outcome
- number of nematodes per 250 cm3 soile0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 74.46e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GnB6 significantly decreased the number of root galls, the egg mass, and number of nematodes per 250 cm3 soil by 77.67, 88.65, and 74.46%, respectively, compared to the control.”
t0“Tomato Plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Green nanobiochar accelerated tomato growth and yield components more efficiently.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Green nanobiochare0
- Outcome
- growth and yield componentse0
- Direction
- more efficiente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Green nanobiochar was more efficient in accelerating the growth and yield components of the tomato plant.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend GnB at 6 mg kg−1 in sandy loam soil.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- adding GnB at a rate of 6 mg kg−1e0
- Setting
- sandy loam soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Therefore, the results recommend adding GnB at a rate of 6 mg kg−1 in sandy loam soil.”
t0“Tomato Plant”
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