Abstract
Introduction: The two-spotted spider mite (TSSM) is a devastating pest of cassava production in China. Lignin is considered as an important defensive barrier against pests and diseases, several genes participate in lignin biosynthesis, however, how these genes modulate lignin accumulation in cassava and shape TSSM-resistance is largely unknown. Methods: To fill this knowledge gap, while under TSSM infestation, the cassava lignin biosynthesis related genes were subjected to expression pattern analysis followed by family identification, and genes with significant induction were used for further function exploration. Results: Most genes involved in lignin biosynthesis were up-regulated when the mite-resistant cassava cultivars were infested by TSSM, noticeably, the MePAL gene presented the most vigorous induction among these genes. Therefore, we paid more attention to dissect the function of MePAL gene during cassava-TSSM interaction. Gene family identification showed that there are 6 MePAL members identified in cassava genome, further phylogenetic analysis, gene duplication, cis-elements and conserved motif prediction speculated that these genes may probably contribute to biotic stress responses in cassava. The transcription profile of the 6 MePAL genes in TSSM-resistant cassava cultivar SC9 indicated a universal up-regulation pattern. To further elucidate the potential correlation between MePAL expression and TSSM-resistance, the most strongly induced gene MePAL6 were silenced using virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) assay, we found that silencing of MePAL6 in SC9 not only simultaneously suppressed the expression of other lignin biosynthesis genes such as 4-coumarate--CoA ligase (4CL), hydroxycinnamoyltransferase (HCT) and cinnamoyl-CoA reductase (CCR), but also resulted in decrease of lignin content. Ultimately, the suppression of MePAL6 in SC9 can lead to significant deterioration of TSSM-resistance. Discussion: This study accurately identified MePAL6 as critical genes in conferring cassava resistance to TSSM, which could be considered as promising marker gene for evaluating cassava resistance to insect pest.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Most lignin biosynthesis genes were upregulated in resistant cassava after mite infestation.
- Taxon
- cassava
Manihot esculentae0 - Material
- mite-resistant cassava cultivarse0
- Interactor
- TSSMe0pest
- Gene
- genes involved in lignin biosynthesise0
- Outcome
- genes involved in lignin biosynthesis were up-regulatede0
- Direction
- up-regulatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Most genes involved in lignin biosynthesis were up-regulated when the mite-resistant cassava cultivars were infested by TSSM”
Claim · model-written summary
MePAL showed the strongest induction among lignin genes.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentae1
- Interactor
- TSSMe1pest
- Gene
- MePALe0
- Outcome
- inductione0
- Direction
- most vigorouse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the MePAL gene presented the most vigorous induction among these genes”
e1“cassava-TSSM interaction”
Claim · model-written summary
Six MePAL members were identified in the cassava genome.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentae0
- Gene
- MePALe0
- Outcome
- MePAL members identifiede0
- Value
- 6e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there are 6 MePAL members identified in cassava genome”
Claim · model-written summary
All six MePAL genes showed upregulation in resistant SC9.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentae0
- Material
- SC9e0
- Interactor
- TSSMe0pest
- Gene
- MePALe0
- Outcome
- up-regulation patterne0
- Direction
- up-regulatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The transcription profile of the 6 MePAL genes in TSSM-resistant cassava cultivar SC9 indicated a universal up-regulation pattern”
Claim · model-written summary
Silencing MePAL6 suppressed other lignin biosynthesis genes.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentae1
- Material
- SC9e0
- Treatment
- silencing of MePAL6e0
- Interactor
- TSSMe1pest
- Gene
- MePAL6e0
- Outcome
- expression of other lignin biosynthesis genese0
- Direction
- suppressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“silencing of MePAL6 in SC9 not only simultaneously suppressed the expression of other lignin biosynthesis genes such as 4-coumarate--CoA ligase (4CL), hydroxycinnamoyltransferase (HCT) and cinnamoyl-CoA reductase (CCR)”
e1“cassava-TSSM interaction”
Claim · model-written summary
Silencing MePAL6 decreased lignin content.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentae1
- Material
- SC9e0
- Treatment
- silencing of MePAL6e0
- Interactor
- TSSMe1pest
- Gene
- MePAL6e0
- Outcome
- lignin contente0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“silencing of MePAL6 in SC9 not only simultaneously suppressed the expression of other lignin biosynthesis genes such as 4-coumarate--CoA ligase (4CL), hydroxycinnamoyltransferase (HCT) and cinnamoyl-CoA reductase (CCR), but also resulted in decrease of lignin content”
e1“cassava-TSSM interaction”
Claim · model-written summary
MePAL6 suppression significantly deteriorated mite resistance.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentae1
- Material
- SC9e0
- Treatment
- suppression of MePAL6e0
- Interactor
- TSSMe0pest
- Gene
- MePAL6e0
- Outcome
- TSSM-resistancee0
- Direction
- deterioratione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the suppression of MePAL6 in SC9 can lead to significant deterioration of TSSM-resistance”
e1“cassava-TSSM interaction”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose MePAL6 as a resistance marker.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentae0
- Interactor
- TSSMe0pest
- Gene
- MePAL6e0
- Outcome
- promising marker gene for evaluating cassava resistance to insect peste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MePAL6 as critical genes in conferring cassava resistance to TSSM, which could be considered as promising marker gene for evaluating cassava resistance to insect pest”
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See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.