Abstract
The effect of supplemental lighting on strawberry growth and anthracnose disease response of three strawberry ( Fragaria × ananassa ) cultivars was evaluated in two greenhouse trials, and the effect on strawberry anthracnose pathogens ( Colletotrichum sp.) was evaluated in the laboratory. The objective of the greenhouse trials was to determine the effect of various intensities of the red and blue light emitting diode (LED) light treatment on strawberry plant vigor, injury, and disease development. In these trials, the duration of supplemental light treatments was split into two 4-hour periods: dawn and dusk. The intensity of the red and blue LED bulbs was set using an adjustable dial at 1 or 3 in trial 1 and at 1, 5, or 10 in trial 2. Illuminance and photosynthetic photon flux densities of the light treatments ranged from lows of 402 lx and 5 μmol⋅m –2 ⋅s –1 (blue LED 1) to highs of 575 lx and 25 μmol⋅m –2 ⋅s –1 (red LED 1 + blue LED 3) in trial 1, and from lows of 4213 lx and 81 μmol⋅m –2 ⋅s –1 (red LED 1) to highs of 7051 lx (red LED 5) and 194 μmol⋅m –2 ⋅s –1 (red LED 10) in trial 2. Lower light intensities in trial 1 resulted in no significant differences as a result of light treatments in relative chlorophyll content, plant vigor ratings, or disease severity ratings (DSRs). However, plant injury ratings were significantly greater in plants in the wide-spectrum fluorescent (WSF) plus ultraviolet B (UVB) light treatment compared with the other treatments. Under the higher light intensities in trial 2, there were more significant effects among light treatments. Relative chlorophyll content of plants in the WSF + UVB, WSF, and red LED 1 treatments was significantly greater than that of plants in the red LED 10 treatment; however, plants in the red LED 10 treatment had the greatest injury ratings. Detached leaves from plants in the red 5 LED and red 10 LED treatments inoculated with Colletotrichum gloeosporioides received the greatest DSRs, and leaves from plants in the red LED 1 and WSF treatments received the lowest DSRs. In the laboratory, five days of exposure to supplemental lights did not prevent the growth of isolates of three species of Colletotrichum pathogens even though the intensity of the LED lights was set at their highest intensity. However, growth of isolates exposed to the WSF + UVB light treatment was slowed.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Lower light intensities in trial 1 produced no significant differences in relative chlorophyll content, plant vigor, or disease severity.
- Taxon
- strawberry
_single2.jpg?width=60)
Fragaria ×ananassat0 - Treatment
- Lower light intensitiese0
- Interactor
- Colletotrichum sp.
Colletotrichume1pathogen - Outcome
- relative chlorophyll content, plant vigor ratings, or disease severity ratings (DSRs)e0
- Direction
- no significant differencese0
- Comparator
- light treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_single2.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Lower light intensities in trial 1 resulted in no significant differences as a result of light treatments in relative chlorophyll content, plant vigor ratings, or disease severity ratings (DSRs)”
t0“Intensity of Supplemental Greenhouse Lighting Affects Strawberry Plant Growth, Anthracnose Infection Response, and Colletotrichum Pathogen Development in Culture”
e1“The effect of supplemental lighting on strawberry growth and anthracnose disease response of three strawberry ( Fragaria × ananassa ) cultivars was evaluated in two greenhouse trials, and the effect on strawberry anthracnose pathogens ( Colletotrichum sp.) was evaluated in the laboratory.”
t1“Intensity of Supplemental Greenhouse Lighting Affects Strawberry Plant Growth, Anthracnose Infection Response, and Colletotrichum Pathogen Development in Culture”
Claim · model-written summary
WSF plus UVB lighting caused greater plant injury than the other trial 1 treatments.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- wide-spectrum fluorescent (WSF) plus ultraviolet B (UVB) light treatmente0
- Outcome
- plant injury ratingse0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- the other treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plant injury ratings were significantly greater in plants in the wide-spectrum fluorescent (WSF) plus ultraviolet B (UVB) light treatment compared with the other treatments”
t0“Intensity of Supplemental Greenhouse Lighting Affects Strawberry Plant Growth, Anthracnose Infection Response, and Colletotrichum Pathogen Development in Culture”
e1“The effect of supplemental lighting on strawberry growth and anthracnose disease response of three strawberry ( Fragaria × ananassa ) cultivars was evaluated in two greenhouse trials, and the effect on strawberry anthracnose pathogens ( Colletotrichum sp.) was evaluated in the laboratory.”
t1“Intensity of Supplemental Greenhouse Lighting Affects Strawberry Plant Growth, Anthracnose Infection Response, and Colletotrichum Pathogen Development in Culture”
Claim · model-written summary
In trial 2, WSF plus UVB, WSF, and red LED 1 treatments produced higher relative chlorophyll content than red LED 10.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- WSF + UVB, WSF, and red LED 1 treatmentse0
- Outcome
- Relative chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- red LED 10 treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Relative chlorophyll content of plants in the WSF + UVB, WSF, and red LED 1 treatments was significantly greater than that of plants in the red LED 10 treatment”
t0“Intensity of Supplemental Greenhouse Lighting Affects Strawberry Plant Growth, Anthracnose Infection Response, and Colletotrichum Pathogen Development in Culture”
e1“The effect of supplemental lighting on strawberry growth and anthracnose disease response of three strawberry ( Fragaria × ananassa ) cultivars was evaluated in two greenhouse trials, and the effect on strawberry anthracnose pathogens ( Colletotrichum sp.) was evaluated in the laboratory.”
t1“Intensity of Supplemental Greenhouse Lighting Affects Strawberry Plant Growth, Anthracnose Infection Response, and Colletotrichum Pathogen Development in Culture”
Claim · model-written summary
Red LED 10 produced the greatest plant injury ratings in trial 2.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- red LED 10 treatmente0
- Outcome
- injury ratingse0
- Direction
- greateste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plants in the red LED 10 treatment had the greatest injury ratings”
t0“Intensity of Supplemental Greenhouse Lighting Affects Strawberry Plant Growth, Anthracnose Infection Response, and Colletotrichum Pathogen Development in Culture”
e1“The effect of supplemental lighting on strawberry growth and anthracnose disease response of three strawberry ( Fragaria × ananassa ) cultivars was evaluated in two greenhouse trials, and the effect on strawberry anthracnose pathogens ( Colletotrichum sp.) was evaluated in the laboratory.”
t1“Intensity of Supplemental Greenhouse Lighting Affects Strawberry Plant Growth, Anthracnose Infection Response, and Colletotrichum Pathogen Development in Culture”
Claim · model-written summary
After C. gloeosporioides inoculation, detached leaves from red 5 LED and red 10 LED treatments had the greatest disease severity.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Organ / stage
- Detached leavese0
- Treatment
- red 5 LED and red 10 LED treatmentse0
- Interactor
- Colletotrichum gloeosporioides
Colletotrichum gloeosporioidese0pathogen - Outcome
- DSRse0
- Direction
- greateste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Detached leaves from plants in the red 5 LED and red 10 LED treatments inoculated with Colletotrichum gloeosporioides received the greatest DSRs”
t0“Intensity of Supplemental Greenhouse Lighting Affects Strawberry Plant Growth, Anthracnose Infection Response, and Colletotrichum Pathogen Development in Culture”
e1“The effect of supplemental lighting on strawberry growth and anthracnose disease response of three strawberry ( Fragaria × ananassa ) cultivars was evaluated in two greenhouse trials, and the effect on strawberry anthracnose pathogens ( Colletotrichum sp.) was evaluated in the laboratory.”
t1“Intensity of Supplemental Greenhouse Lighting Affects Strawberry Plant Growth, Anthracnose Infection Response, and Colletotrichum Pathogen Development in Culture”
Claim · model-written summary
After C. gloeosporioides inoculation, leaves from red LED 1 and WSF treatments had the lowest disease severity.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- red LED 1 and WSF treatmentse0
- Interactor
- Colletotrichum gloeosporioidesColletotrichum gloeosporioidese2pathogen
- Outcome
- DSRse0
- Direction
- loweste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“leaves from plants in the red LED 1 and WSF treatments received the lowest DSRs”
t0“Intensity of Supplemental Greenhouse Lighting Affects Strawberry Plant Growth, Anthracnose Infection Response, and Colletotrichum Pathogen Development in Culture”
e1“The effect of supplemental lighting on strawberry growth and anthracnose disease response of three strawberry ( Fragaria × ananassa ) cultivars was evaluated in two greenhouse trials, and the effect on strawberry anthracnose pathogens ( Colletotrichum sp.) was evaluated in the laboratory.”
t1“Intensity of Supplemental Greenhouse Lighting Affects Strawberry Plant Growth, Anthracnose Infection Response, and Colletotrichum Pathogen Development in Culture”
e2“Detached leaves from plants in the red 5 LED and red 10 LED treatments inoculated with Colletotrichum gloeosporioides received the greatest DSRs”
Claim · model-written summary
Five days of highest-intensity supplemental light did not prevent growth of three Colletotrichum species in culture.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- five days of exposure to supplemental lightse0
- Interactor
- Colletotrichum pathogense0pathogen
- Outcome
- growth of isolates of three species of Colletotrichum pathogense0
- Direction
- did not prevente0
- Setting
- laboratorye1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“five days of exposure to supplemental lights did not prevent the growth of isolates of three species of Colletotrichum pathogens even though the intensity of the LED lights was set at their highest intensity”
t0“Intensity of Supplemental Greenhouse Lighting Affects Strawberry Plant Growth, Anthracnose Infection Response, and Colletotrichum Pathogen Development in Culture”
e1“The effect of supplemental lighting on strawberry growth and anthracnose disease response of three strawberry ( Fragaria × ananassa ) cultivars was evaluated in two greenhouse trials, and the effect on strawberry anthracnose pathogens ( Colletotrichum sp.) was evaluated in the laboratory.”
t1“Intensity of Supplemental Greenhouse Lighting Affects Strawberry Plant Growth, Anthracnose Infection Response, and Colletotrichum Pathogen Development in Culture”
Claim · model-written summary
WSF plus UVB slowed growth of Colletotrichum isolates in culture.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- WSF + UVB light treatmente0
- Interactor
- Colletotrichum pathogense2pathogen
- Outcome
- growth of isolatese0
- Direction
- slowede0
- Setting
- laboratorye1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“growth of isolates exposed to the WSF + UVB light treatment was slowed”
t0“Intensity of Supplemental Greenhouse Lighting Affects Strawberry Plant Growth, Anthracnose Infection Response, and Colletotrichum Pathogen Development in Culture”
e1“The effect of supplemental lighting on strawberry growth and anthracnose disease response of three strawberry ( Fragaria × ananassa ) cultivars was evaluated in two greenhouse trials, and the effect on strawberry anthracnose pathogens ( Colletotrichum sp.) was evaluated in the laboratory.”
t1“Intensity of Supplemental Greenhouse Lighting Affects Strawberry Plant Growth, Anthracnose Infection Response, and Colletotrichum Pathogen Development in Culture”
e2“five days of exposure to supplemental lights did not prevent the growth of isolates of three species of Colletotrichum pathogens even though the intensity of the LED lights was set at their highest intensity”
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