Abstract
Phosphorus and nitrogen recovery from wastewater as struvite and ammonium nitrate (AN) may be viable alternative fertilizers to boost circularity in horticulture. A 2-year fertigated crop rotation in soil under greenhouse conditions was evaluated to determine the efficiency of both recovered products as raw materials for a nutrient solution (NS) manufacture. The effects of these treatments versus synthetic fertilizers were compared in terms of crop performance, plant nutrient uptake, soil chemistry and microbiota. This is the first study to implement struvite through fertigation as the sole source of P in soil crops. Results showed that both recovered products can be used as fertilizers in NS, due to the similar response to the control for different parameters and crops (tomato, lettuce, and cauliflower). However, the AN treatment showed lower yield in the first tomato crop, which results may depend on the cultivar ammonium tolerance. Besides, the concentration of heavy metals in fruits/leaves was below the permissible limits. Total and Olsen phosphorus soil analysis revealed no differences among treatments, resulting in a similar performance of P-struvite to commercial phosphate. Bulk soil bacteria structure, richness and relative dominance were increased over time, while archaea only showed lower evenness, both despite the fertilization strategy. Shannon diversity was not significantly affected. A predominance of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) versus archaea (AOA) was observed, while nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB), dominated by Nitrospira, increased with fertigation. Our results demonstrate that fertilizer blends for NS containing recovered nutrients are a feasible alternative to synthetic fertilizers.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Recovered fertilizer products produced crop responses similar to synthetic fertilizer across tomato, lettuce and cauliflower.
- Taxon
- tomato, lettuce, and cauliflower
Brassica oleracea var. botrytis
Solanum lycopersicum
Lactuca sativae0 - Treatment
- both recovered productse0
- Outcome
- similar responsee0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- synthetic fertilizerse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both recovered products can be used as fertilizers in NS, due to the similar response to the control for different parameters and crops (tomato, lettuce, and cauliflower)”
e1“treatments versus synthetic fertilizers”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonium nitrate lowered yield in the first tomato crop.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- AN treatmente0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- synthetic fertilizerse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the AN treatment showed lower yield in the first tomato crop”
e1“treatments versus synthetic fertilizers”
Claim · model-written summary
Heavy metal concentrations in crop fruits and leaves were below permissible limits.
- Taxon
- tomato, lettuce, and cauliflowerBrassica oleracea var. botrytisSolanum lycopersicumLactuca sativae1
- Organ / stage
- fruits/leavese0
- Outcome
- concentration of heavy metalse0
- Direction
- belowe0
- Comparator
- permissible limitse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the concentration of heavy metals in fruits/leaves was below the permissible limits”
e1“crops (tomato, lettuce, and cauliflower)”
Claim · model-written summary
Total and Olsen soil phosphorus did not differ among fertilizer treatments.
- Taxon
- tomato, lettuce, and cauliflowerBrassica oleracea var. botrytisSolanum lycopersicumLactuca sativae1
- Treatment
- treatmentse0
- Outcome
- Total and Olsen phosphorus soil analysise0
- Direction
- no differencese0
- Comparator
- synthetic fertilizerse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Total and Olsen phosphorus soil analysis revealed no differences among treatments”
e1“crops (tomato, lettuce, and cauliflower)”
e2“treatments versus synthetic fertilizers”
Claim · model-written summary
Bulk soil bacterial structure, richness and relative dominance increased over time.
- Taxon
- tomato, lettuce, and cauliflowerBrassica oleracea var. botrytisSolanum lycopersicumLactuca sativae1
- Outcome
- Bulk soil bacteria structure, richness and relative dominancee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bulk soil bacteria structure, richness and relative dominance were increased over time”
e1“crops (tomato, lettuce, and cauliflower)”
Claim · model-written summary
Archaeal evenness was lower over time.
- Taxon
- tomato, lettuce, and cauliflowerBrassica oleracea var. botrytisSolanum lycopersicumLactuca sativae1
- Outcome
- archaea only showed lower evennesse0
- Direction
- lowere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“archaea only showed lower evenness”
e1“crops (tomato, lettuce, and cauliflower)”
Claim · model-written summary
Shannon diversity was not significantly affected.
- Taxon
- tomato, lettuce, and cauliflowerBrassica oleracea var. botrytisSolanum lycopersicumLactuca sativae1
- Treatment
- treatmentse2
- Outcome
- Shannon diversitye0
- Comparator
- synthetic fertilizerse2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Shannon diversity was not significantly affected”
e1“crops (tomato, lettuce, and cauliflower)”
e2“treatments versus synthetic fertilizers”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria predominated over archaea.
- Taxon
- tomato, lettuce, and cauliflowerBrassica oleracea var. botrytisSolanum lycopersicumLactuca sativae1
- Outcome
- predominance of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB)e0
- Direction
- predominancee0
- Comparator
- archaea (AOA)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A predominance of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) versus archaea (AOA) was observed”
e1“crops (tomato, lettuce, and cauliflower)”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrospira-dominated nitrite-oxidizing bacteria increased with fertigation.
- Taxon
- tomato, lettuce, and cauliflowerBrassica oleracea var. botrytisSolanum lycopersicumLactuca sativae1
- Treatment
- fertigatione0
- Outcome
- nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB), dominated by Nitrospira, increased with fertigation”
e1“crops (tomato, lettuce, and cauliflower)”
Claim · model-written summary
Recovered-nutrient fertilizer blends are feasible alternatives to synthetic fertilizers.
- Taxon
- tomato, lettuce, and cauliflowerBrassica oleracea var. botrytisSolanum lycopersicumLactuca sativae1
- Outcome
- fertilizer blends for NS containing recovered nutrients are a feasible alternative to synthetic fertilizerse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fertilizer blends for NS containing recovered nutrients are a feasible alternative to synthetic fertilizers”
e1“crops (tomato, lettuce, and cauliflower)”
The same questions in other papers
ammonium nitrate · yield · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
4 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.