Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the essential staple foods for more than half of the world’s population, and its production is affected by different environmental abiotic and biotic stress conditions. The white-backed planthopper (WBPH, Sogatella furcifera) causes significant damage to rice plants, leading to substantial economic losses due to reduced production. In this experiment, we applied exogenous hormones (gibberellic acid and methyl jasmonate) to WBPH-infested rice plants and examined the relative expression of related genes, antioxidant accumulation, the recovery rate of affected plants, endogenous hormones, the accumulation of H2O2, and the rate of cell death using DAB and trypan staining, respectively. The expression of the transcriptional regulator (OsGAI) and gibberellic-acid-mediated signaling regulator (OsGID2) was upregulated significantly in GA 50 µM + WBPH after 36 h. OsGAI was upregulated in the control, GA 50 µM + WBPH, GA 100 µM + WBPH, and MeJA 100 µM + WBPH. However, after 48 h, the OsGID2 was significantly highly expressed in all groups of plants. The glutathione (GSH) values were significantly enhanced by GA 100 µM and MeJA 50 µM treatment. Unlike glutathione (GSH), the catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) values were significantly reduced in control + WBPH plants. However, a slight increase in CAT and POD values was observed in GA 50 + WBPH plants and a reduction in the POD value was observed in GA 100 µM + WBPH and MeJA 50 µM + WBPH plants. GA highly recovered the WBPH-affected rice plants, while no recovery was seen in MeJA-treated plants. MeJA was highly accumulated in control + WBPH, MeJA 50 µM + WBPH, and GA 100 µM + WBPH plants. The H2O2 accumulation was highly decreased in GA-treated plants, while extensive cell death was observed in MeJA-treated plants compared with GA-treated plants. From this study, we can conclude that the exogenous application of GA can overcome the effects of the WBPH and enhance resistance in rice.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
OsGAI and OsGID2 expression rose significantly after GA 50 µM plus WBPH at 36 h.
- Taxon
- Rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- GA 50 µM + WBPHe0
- Interactor
- WBPHe0pest
- Outcome
- expression of the transcriptional regulator (OsGAI) and gibberellic-acid-mediated signaling regulator (OsGID2)e0
- Direction
- upregulatede0
- Qualifier
- after 36 he0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The expression of the transcriptional regulator (OsGAI) and gibberellic-acid-mediated signaling regulator (OsGID2) was upregulated significantly in GA 50 µM + WBPH after 36 h.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
OsGAI was upregulated in control, GA and MeJA treatments with WBPH.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“OsGAI was upregulated in the control, GA 50 µM + WBPH, GA 100 µM + WBPH, and MeJA 100 µM + WBPH.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
OsGID2 was highly expressed in all groups after 48 h.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“after 48 h, the OsGID2 was significantly highly expressed in all groups of plants.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
GA 100 µM increased glutathione significantly.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- GA 100 µMe0
- Outcome
- glutathione (GSH) valuese0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The glutathione (GSH) values were significantly enhanced by GA 100 µM and MeJA 50 µM treatment.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
MeJA 50 µM increased glutathione significantly.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- MeJA 50 µMe0
- Outcome
- glutathione (GSH) valuese0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The glutathione (GSH) values were significantly enhanced by GA 100 µM and MeJA 50 µM treatment.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
CAT and POD values declined in control plus WBPH plants.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Interactor
- WBPHe0pest
- Outcome
- catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) valuese0
- Direction
- reducede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) values were significantly reduced in control + WBPH plants.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
CAT and POD rose slightly in GA 50 plus WBPH plants.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- GA 50 + WBPHe0
- Interactor
- WBPHe0pest
- Outcome
- CAT and POD valuese0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a slight increase in CAT and POD values was observed in GA 50 + WBPH plants”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
POD declined in GA 100 µM plus WBPH plants.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- GA 100 µM + WBPHe0
- Interactor
- WBPHe0pest
- Outcome
- POD valuee0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a reduction in the POD value was observed in GA 100 µM + WBPH and MeJA 50 µM + WBPH plants.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
POD declined in MeJA 50 µM plus WBPH plants.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- MeJA 50 µM + WBPHe0
- Interactor
- WBPHe0pest
- Outcome
- POD valuee0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a reduction in the POD value was observed in GA 100 µM + WBPH and MeJA 50 µM + WBPH plants.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
GA strongly recovered WBPH-affected rice plants.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- GAe0
- Interactor
- WBPHe0pest
- Outcome
- WBPH-affected rice plantse0
- Direction
- recoverede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GA highly recovered the WBPH-affected rice plants”
Claim · model-written summary
MeJA-treated plants showed no recovery.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- MeJAe0
- Outcome
- recoverye0
- Direction
- no recoverye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“no recovery was seen in MeJA-treated plants.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
MeJA accumulated highly in control plus WBPH plants.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Interactor
- WBPHe0pest
- Outcome
- MeJAe0
- Direction
- highly accumulatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MeJA was highly accumulated in control + WBPH, MeJA 50 µM + WBPH, and GA 100 µM + WBPH plants.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
GA treatment reduced H2O2 accumulation.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- GAe0
- Outcome
- H2O2 accumulatione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The H2O2 accumulation was highly decreased in GA-treated plants”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
MeJA treatment caused more extensive cell death than GA treatment.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- MeJAe0
- Outcome
- cell deathe0
- Direction
- extensivee0
- Comparator
- GA-treated plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“extensive cell death was observed in MeJA-treated plants compared with GA-treated plants.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude exogenous GA can overcome WBPH effects and enhance rice resistance.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Interactor
- WBPHe0pest
- Outcome
- exogenous application of GAe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the exogenous application of GA can overcome the effects of the WBPH and enhance resistance in rice.”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.