Paper · 2022 · Agricultural Water Management

Optimization of ridge–furrow mulching ratio enhances precipitation collection before silking to improve maize yield in a semi–arid region

Xuemei Zhang; Xuemei Zhang; Rui Wang; et al.

8
claims
18
verbatim quotes
12
citations
2
research areas
✓
Open access · cc-by-nc-nd

Abstract

Insufficient soil moisture and heat often limit crop productivity in semiarid regions. The effects of the ridge–furrow mulching system (RFMS) on improving the soil water and temperature conditions have been confirmed in many studies, but the effects of different ridge–furrow ratios on the changes in soil water, temperature, and the interception rate of canopy photosynthetically active radiation (PARIR), and thus crop productivity remain unclear. Therefore, we conducted a field experiment from 2015 to 2020 in the Loess Plateau region of northwest China by testing conventional tillage without mulch (CK) as a control treatment and three ridge–furrow ratios (60:60 cm, 80:40 cm, and 50:10 cm). We studied the changes in the soil hydrothermal characteristics and the response of maize canopy under continuous mulching with different ridge–furrow ratios. Compared with CK, RFMS increased the soil water storage in the 0–200 cm soil layer by 5.2–9.3% and the effective accumulated soil temperature by 10.4–29.1%. The hydrothermal properties affected the maize canopy under RFMS where compared with CK, PARIR increased by 6.3–11.7% at 61 to 90 days after planting (DAP) and the maize yield finally increased by 44.8–77.9%. Correlation analysis showed that the contribution of precipitation from 0 to 90 DAP to the maize yield was greater than that of the effective accumulated soil temperature, whereas the contribution of the effective accumulated soil temperature was greater at 91 to 150 DAP. The precipitation during 61 to 90 DAP was the most important factor that affected the yield during the whole growth period. Thus, increasing the ridge–furrow ratio can improve the soil hydrothermal properties and maize productivity to ensure food security and avoid resource shortages in the Loess Plateau region and similar areas.

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Claims 8

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Ridge–furrow mulching increased soil water storage in the 0–200 cm soil layer by 5.2–9.3% compared with CK in maize plots.

Taxon
maizeZea mayse3
Treatment
RFMSe1
Outcome
soil water storage in the 0–200 cm soil layere1
Direction
increasede1
Value
5.2–9.3%e1
Comparator
CKe1
Setting
Loess Plateau region of northwest Chinae0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays
Zea mays · TaxonAkwugo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“field experiment from 2015 to 2020 in the Loess Plateau region of northwest China”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 476–557 · show in text ↑
e1

“Compared with CK, RFMS increased the soil water storage in the 0–200 cm soil layer by 5.2–9.3% and the effective accumulated soil temperature by 10.4–29.1%”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 857–1012 · show in text ↑
e3

“and the maize yield finally increased by 44.8–77.9%”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1170–1221 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Ridge–furrow mulching increased the effective accumulated soil temperature by 10.4–29.1% compared with CK in maize plots.

Taxon
maizeZea mayse3
Treatment
RFMSe1
Outcome
effective accumulated soil temperaturee1
Direction
increasede1
Value
10.4–29.1%e1
Comparator
CKe1
Setting
Loess Plateau region of northwest Chinae0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays
Zea mays · TaxonAkwugo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“field experiment from 2015 to 2020 in the Loess Plateau region of northwest China”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 476–557 · show in text ↑
e1

“Compared with CK, RFMS increased the soil water storage in the 0–200 cm soil layer by 5.2–9.3% and the effective accumulated soil temperature by 10.4–29.1%”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 857–1012 · show in text ↑
e3

“and the maize yield finally increased by 44.8–77.9%”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1170–1221 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Ridge–furrow mulching increased canopy PAR interception (PARIR) by 6.3–11.7% compared with CK at 61 to 90 days after planting.

Taxon
maizeZea mayse3
Treatment
RFMSe2
Outcome
PARIRe2
Direction
increasede2
Value
6.3–11.7%e2
Qualifier
61 to 90 days after planting (DAP)e2
Comparator
CKe2
Setting
Loess Plateau region of northwest Chinae0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays
Zea mays · TaxonAkwugo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“field experiment from 2015 to 2020 in the Loess Plateau region of northwest China”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 476–557 · show in text ↑
e2

“under RFMS where compared with CK, PARIR increased by 6.3–11.7% at 61 to 90 days after planting (DAP)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1068–1169 · show in text ↑
e3

“and the maize yield finally increased by 44.8–77.9%”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1170–1221 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Ridge–furrow mulching increased maize yield by 44.8–77.9% compared with CK.

Taxon
maizeZea mayse3
Treatment
RFMSe2
Outcome
maize yielde3
Direction
increasede3
Value
44.8–77.9%e3
Comparator
CKe2
Setting
Loess Plateau region of northwest Chinae0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays
Zea mays · TaxonAkwugo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“field experiment from 2015 to 2020 in the Loess Plateau region of northwest China”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 476–557 · show in text ↑
e2

“under RFMS where compared with CK, PARIR increased by 6.3–11.7% at 61 to 90 days after planting (DAP)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1068–1169 · show in text ↑
e3

“and the maize yield finally increased by 44.8–77.9%”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1170–1221 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The contribution of precipitation from 0 to 90 DAP to maize yield was greater than that of the effective accumulated soil temperature.

Taxon
maizeZea mayse4
Outcome
contribution of precipitation from 0 to 90 DAP to the maize yielde4
Direction
greatere4
Comparator
effective accumulated soil temperaturee4

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays
Zea mays · TaxonAkwugo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e4

“the contribution of precipitation from 0 to 90 DAP to the maize yield was greater than that of the effective accumulated soil temperature”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1256–1393 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The contribution of the effective accumulated soil temperature to maize yield was greater than that of precipitation at 91 to 150 DAP.

Taxon
maizeZea mayse4
Outcome
contribution of the effective accumulated soil temperaturee5
Direction
greatere5
Qualifier
91 to 150 DAPe5
Comparator
precipitation from 0 to 90 DAPe4

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays
Zea mays · TaxonAkwugo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e4

“the contribution of precipitation from 0 to 90 DAP to the maize yield was greater than that of the effective accumulated soil temperature”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1256–1393 · show in text ↑
e5

“whereas the contribution of the effective accumulated soil temperature was greater at 91 to 150 DAP”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1395–1494 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Precipitation during 61 to 90 DAP was the most important factor affecting maize yield over the whole growth period.

Taxon
maizeZea mayse3
Treatment
precipitation during 61 to 90 DAPe6
Outcome
most important factor that affected the yielde6
Qualifier
during the whole growth periode6

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays
Zea mays · TaxonAkwugo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e3

“and the maize yield finally increased by 44.8–77.9%”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1170–1221 · show in text ↑
e6

“The precipitation during 61 to 90 DAP was the most important factor that affected the yield during the whole growth period”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1496–1618 · show in text ↑
Recommendationauthor interpretationoriginal resultpositivebasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

Increasing the ridge–furrow ratio can improve soil hydrothermal properties and maize productivity in the Loess Plateau region.

Taxon
maizeZea mayse7
Treatment
increasing the ridge–furrow ratioe7
Outcome
soil hydrothermal properties and maize productivitye7

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays
Zea mays · TaxonAkwugo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e7

“increasing the ridge–furrow ratio can improve the soil hydrothermal properties and maize productivity”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1626–1727 · show in text ↑

mulching · soil: physics · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results

112 papers: 97 positive, 15 negative or no effect

96 papers in the same direction as this paper · 13 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. positive
  2. negative
  3. negative

108 papers more in this group

See all 112 papers →

mulching · yield · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results

364 papers: 330 positive, 34 negative or no effect

329 papers in the same direction as this paper · 31 in the opposite direction · 3 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. positive
  2. negative
  3. no effect

360 papers more in this group

See all 364 papers →

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.