Abstract
Studies on nanoparticles’ effects on plants are relevant for horticulture. This study aimed to test the influence of zinc oxide submicron particles (ZnO SMPs), zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs), and zinc oxide nanoparticles combined with silver nanoparticles (ZnO+1%Ag NPs) applied at 100 and 500 mg·L−1 on the regeneration and biochemical activity of adventitious shoots in Chrysanthemum × morifolium (Ramat.) Hemsl. ‘UTP Burgundy Gold’ and ‘UTP Pinky Gold’. The original microwave solvothermal synthesis and characteristics of the ZnO samples were described. Internodes were cultured on the MS medium with 0.6 mg∙L−1 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 2 mg∙L−1 indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). In ‘UTP Burgundy Gold’, the highest shoot regeneration efficiency was obtained for 100 mg·L−1 ZnO SMPs and 500 mg·L−1 ZnO NPs treatments (6.50 and 10.33 shoots per explant, respectively). These shoots had high or moderate chlorophyll and carotenoid contents. In ‘UTP Pinky Gold’, the highest shoot number was produced in the control (12.92), for 500 mg·L−1 ZnO SMPs (12.08) and 500 mg·L−1 ZnO NPs (10.42). These shoots had increased chlorophyll (a+b)-to-carotenoid ratios. In ‘UTP Pinky Gold’, the ZnO SMPs and ZnO NPs affected the anthocyanins biosynthesis, whereas ZnO + 1%Ag NPs decreased the phenolics accumulation. These results are important for the improvement of chrysanthemum micropropagation.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
In UTP Burgundy Gold, 100 mg·L−1 ZnO SMPs gave the highest shoot regeneration efficiency (6.50 shoots per explant).
- Taxon
- Chrysanthemum
.jpeg?width=60)
Chrysanthemumt0 - Material
- UTP Burgundy Golde1
- Organ / stage
- Adventitious Shootst0
- Treatment
- 100 mg·L−1 ZnO SMPse1
- Outcome
- shoot regeneration efficiencye1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 6.50e1
- Setting
- In Vitrot0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpeg?width=500)
Verbatim
e1“UTP Burgundy Gold’, the highest shoot regeneration efficiency was obtained for 100 mg·L−1 ZnO SMPs and 500 mg·L−1 ZnO NPs treatments (6.50 and 10.33 shoots per explant, respectively)”
t0“In Vitro Regeneration and Biochemical Profile of Chrysanthemum Adventitious Shoots”
Claim · model-written summary
In UTP Burgundy Gold, 500 mg·L−1 ZnO NPs gave the highest shoot regeneration efficiency (10.33 shoots per explant).
- Taxon
- ChrysanthemumChrysanthemumt0
- Material
- UTP Burgundy Golde1
- Organ / stage
- Adventitious Shootst0
- Treatment
- 500 mg·L−1 ZnO NPse1
- Outcome
- shoot regeneration efficiencye1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 10.33e1
- Setting
- In Vitrot0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“UTP Burgundy Gold’, the highest shoot regeneration efficiency was obtained for 100 mg·L−1 ZnO SMPs and 500 mg·L−1 ZnO NPs treatments (6.50 and 10.33 shoots per explant, respectively)”
t0“In Vitro Regeneration and Biochemical Profile of Chrysanthemum Adventitious Shoots”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoots regenerated in UTP Burgundy Gold had high or moderate chlorophyll and carotenoid contents.
- Taxon
- ChrysanthemumChrysanthemumt0
- Material
- UTP Burgundy Golde1
- Outcome
- chlorophyll and carotenoid contentse2
- Qualifier
- high or moderatee2
- Setting
- In Vitrot0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“UTP Burgundy Gold’, the highest shoot regeneration efficiency was obtained for 100 mg·L−1 ZnO SMPs and 500 mg·L−1 ZnO NPs treatments (6.50 and 10.33 shoots per explant, respectively)”
e2“These shoots had high or moderate chlorophyll and carotenoid contents”
t0“In Vitro Regeneration and Biochemical Profile of Chrysanthemum Adventitious Shoots”
Claim · model-written summary
In UTP Pinky Gold, the control gave the highest shoot number (12.92).
- Taxon
- ChrysanthemumChrysanthemumt0
- Material
- UTP Pinky Golde3
- Outcome
- shoot numbere3
- Direction
- higheste3
- Value
- 12.92e3
- Qualifier
- controle3
- Setting
- In Vitrot0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“UTP Pinky Gold’, the highest shoot number was produced in the control (12.92), for 500 mg·L−1 ZnO SMPs (12.08) and 500 mg·L−1 ZnO NPs (10.42)”
t0“In Vitro Regeneration and Biochemical Profile of Chrysanthemum Adventitious Shoots”
Claim · model-written summary
In UTP Pinky Gold, 500 mg·L−1 ZnO SMPs gave a lower shoot number (12.08) than the control.
- Taxon
- ChrysanthemumChrysanthemumt0
- Material
- UTP Pinky Golde3
- Treatment
- 500 mg·L−1 ZnO SMPse3
- Outcome
- shoot numbere3
- Direction
- lowerinferrede3
- Value
- 12.08e3
- Comparator
- controle3
- Setting
- In Vitrot0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“UTP Pinky Gold’, the highest shoot number was produced in the control (12.92), for 500 mg·L−1 ZnO SMPs (12.08) and 500 mg·L−1 ZnO NPs (10.42)”
t0“In Vitro Regeneration and Biochemical Profile of Chrysanthemum Adventitious Shoots”
Claim · model-written summary
In UTP Pinky Gold, 500 mg·L−1 ZnO NPs gave a lower shoot number (10.42) than the control.
- Taxon
- ChrysanthemumChrysanthemumt0
- Material
- UTP Pinky Golde3
- Treatment
- 500 mg·L−1 ZnO NPse3
- Outcome
- shoot numbere3
- Direction
- lowerinferrede3
- Value
- 10.42e3
- Comparator
- controle3
- Setting
- In Vitrot0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“UTP Pinky Gold’, the highest shoot number was produced in the control (12.92), for 500 mg·L−1 ZnO SMPs (12.08) and 500 mg·L−1 ZnO NPs (10.42)”
t0“In Vitro Regeneration and Biochemical Profile of Chrysanthemum Adventitious Shoots”
Claim · model-written summary
In UTP Pinky Gold, ZnO SMPs and ZnO NPs affected anthocyanin biosynthesis.
- Taxon
- ChrysanthemumChrysanthemumt0
- Material
- UTP Pinky Golde4
- Treatment
- ZnO SMPs and ZnO NPse4
- Outcome
- anthocyanins biosynthesise4
- Setting
- In Vitrot0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“UTP Pinky Gold’, the ZnO SMPs and ZnO NPs affected the anthocyanins biosynthesis, whereas ZnO + 1%Ag NPs decreased the phenolics accumulation”
t0“In Vitro Regeneration and Biochemical Profile of Chrysanthemum Adventitious Shoots”
Claim · model-written summary
In UTP Pinky Gold, ZnO + 1%Ag NPs decreased phenolics accumulation.
- Taxon
- ChrysanthemumChrysanthemumt0
- Material
- UTP Pinky Golde4
- Treatment
- ZnO + 1%Ag NPse4
- Outcome
- phenolics accumulatione4
- Direction
- decreasede4
- Setting
- In Vitrot0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“UTP Pinky Gold’, the ZnO SMPs and ZnO NPs affected the anthocyanins biosynthesis, whereas ZnO + 1%Ag NPs decreased the phenolics accumulation”
t0“In Vitro Regeneration and Biochemical Profile of Chrysanthemum Adventitious Shoots”
The same questions in other papers
nanoparticle · growth · ChrysanthemumResults agree
4 papers in the same direction as this paper
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