Abstract
The mechanism underlying the mediation of the behavior and fitness of non-vector herbivores by fungal pathogen-infected host plants is still unclear. In this study, we experimentally assessed the effects of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) plant infection status on non-vector herbivores using tomato powdery mildew disease fungus (Oidium lycopersici) and the greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum as a model multitrophic plant-pathogen, non-vector herbivore interaction. In behavioral bioassays, powdery mildew-infected plants (PM) and plants damaged by combined attack of powdery mildew and whiteflies (PMWF) attracted significantly more whiteflies (32.6% and 58.1% for PM and PMWF, respectively) than control (Con) plants (16.5%) or plants damaged only by whiteflies (WF) (24.2%). Whiteflies feeding on PM or PMWF plants secreted almost twice as much honeydew as on the Con or WF plants. This indicated that whiteflies fed more on diseased plants than healthy plants. However, the preferences and increased feeding did not increase the fitness and immature growth of T. vaporariorum, but significantly prolonged their immature developmental durations, compared with those of whiteflies that developed on Con plants or WF plants. The results showed that powdery mildew infestation attracted more whiteflies but reduced their development and fitness.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Powdery mildew-infected tomato plants attracted significantly more whiteflies (32.6%) than control plants (16.5%).
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Treatment
- powdery mildew-infected plantse1
- Interactor
- whitefliesAleyrodoideae2herbivore
- Second interactor
- Oidium lycopersicie7pathogen
- Outcome
- attracted significantly more whitefliese2
- Direction
- moree2
- Value
- 32.6%e2
- Comparator
- control (Con) plantse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) plant infection status”
e1“powdery mildew-infected plants (PM)”
e2“attracted significantly more whiteflies (32.6% and 58.1% for PM and PMWF, respectively) than control (Con) plants (16.5%)”
e7“tomato powdery mildew disease fungus (Oidium lycopersici)”
Claim · model-written summary
Tomato plants damaged by combined powdery mildew and whitefly attack attracted significantly more whiteflies (58.1%) than control plants.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- plants damaged by combined attack of powdery mildew and whitefliese3
- Interactor
- whitefliesAleyrodoideae2herbivore
- Outcome
- attracted significantly more whitefliese2
- Direction
- moree2
- Value
- 58.1%e2
- Comparator
- control (Con) plantse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) plant infection status”
e2“attracted significantly more whiteflies (32.6% and 58.1% for PM and PMWF, respectively) than control (Con) plants (16.5%)”
e3“plants damaged by combined attack of powdery mildew and whiteflies (PMWF)”
Claim · model-written summary
Whiteflies feeding on powdery mildew-infected or combined-infested tomato plants secreted almost twice as much honeydew as on control or whitefly-only plants.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- PM or PMWF plantse3
- Interactor
- WhitefliesAleyrodoideae3herbivore
- Outcome
- secreted almost twice as much honeydewe3
- Direction
- almost twice as muche3
- Comparator
- Con or WF plantse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) plant infection status”
e3“Whiteflies feeding on PM or PMWF plants secreted almost twice as much honeydew as on the Con or WF plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Whiteflies from the infected-plant treatments had significantly prolonged immature developmental durations compared with those developed on control or whitefly-only plants.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- PM or PMWF plantse3
- Interactor
- whitefliesAleyrodoideae4herbivore
- Outcome
- immature developmental durationse4
- Direction
- prolongede4
- Comparator
- Con plants or WF plantse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) plant infection status”
e3“Whiteflies feeding on PM or PMWF plants secreted almost twice as much honeydew as on the Con or WF plants”
e4“significantly prolonged their immature developmental durations, compared with those of whiteflies that developed on Con plants or WF plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Increased feeding on powdery mildew-infected or combined-infested tomato plants did not increase whitefly fitness or immature growth.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- PM or PMWF plantse3
- Interactor
- T. vaporariorum
Trialeurodes vaporariorume5herbivore - Outcome
- fitness and immature growthe5
- Direction
- did not increasee5
- Comparator
- Con plantse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) plant infection status”
e3“Whiteflies feeding on PM or PMWF plants secreted almost twice as much honeydew as on the Con or WF plants”
e4“compared with those of whiteflies that developed on Con plants or WF plants”
e5“did not increase the fitness and immature growth of T. vaporariorum”
Claim · model-written summary
Powdery mildew infestation reduced the development and fitness of whiteflies on tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- powdery mildew infestatione6
- Interactor
- whitefliesAleyrodoideae6herbivore
- Outcome
- development and fitnesse6
- Direction
- reducede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) plant infection status”
e6“powdery mildew infestation attracted more whiteflies but reduced their development and fitness”
The same questions in other papers
infection · Aleyrodoidea · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- no effect
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.