Abstract
AbstractThe potato is an important tuberous vegetable crop. However, its production and values are constrained by various factors, including the two-spotted spider mite (TSSM) in East Hararghe, Ethiopia. An investigation of the TSSM management by the application of botanicals and synthetic insecticides was conducted in the laboratory and greenhouse. The experiment was arranged in CRD. The treatment was replicated four times in the greenhouse and five times in the laboratory. The efficacy and LC50 bioassays of Amitraz, Profenofos, and Emamectin benzoate, as well as the oils of Azadirachta indica seed and Tagetes minuta leaf, and their leaf aqueous extracts, were tested in the laboratory at three dose levels. Similarly, Amitraz, Profenofos, Emamectin benzoate (EB) and extracted oils of Azadirachta indica seed alone and in combination were tested in a greenhouse The data was collected after 24, 48, and 72 hours of their application in the laboratory. And in the greenhouse, within 7, 14, and 21 days before and after application. In the laboratory, the highest mortality of TSSM adults was recorded with EB at 80 µL (74–97%), followed by profenofos at 35 µL (71–90%). Among the botanicals, the A. indica seed oil at 5% caused the highest mortality of TSSM adults (72–100%). Amitraz also caused the highest mortality of TSSM eggs (72.5–92.5%), and it required in 100ml of tap water to kill 50% of the eggs. T. minuta leaf oil had higher toxic effects on TSSM eggs (0.239%). In the greenhouse, the dose combination of Amitraz, EB, and profenofos caused higher mortality of TSSM than their sole application.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Emamectin benzoate at 80 µL caused 74–97% adult mite mortality in the laboratory.
- Taxon
- potato
Solanum tuberosumt0 - Treatment
- EB at 80 µLe1
- Interactor
- two-spotted spider mitet1pest
- Outcome
- mortality of TSSM adultse1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 74–97%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)”
t1“two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychidae: Tetranychus urticae Koch)”
e1“the highest mortality of TSSM adults was recorded with EB at 80 µL (74–97%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Profenofos at 35 µL caused 71–90% adult mite mortality.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- profenofos at 35 µLe2
- Interactor
- two-spotted spider mitet1pest
- Outcome
- profenofose2
- Direction
- followed bye2
- Value
- 71–90%e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)”
t1“two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychidae: Tetranychus urticae Koch)”
e2“followed by profenofos at 35 µL (71–90%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Azadirachta indica seed oil at 5% produced 72–100% adult mite mortality, the highest among botanicals.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- A. indica seed oil at 5%e3
- Interactor
- two-spotted spider mitet1pest
- Outcome
- mortality of TSSM adultse3
- Direction
- higheste3
- Value
- 72–100%e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)”
t1“two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychidae: Tetranychus urticae Koch)”
e3“the A. indica seed oil at 5% caused the highest mortality of TSSM adults (72–100%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Amitraz caused 72.5–92.5% mite egg mortality.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- Amitraze4
- Interactor
- two-spotted spider mitet1pest
- Outcome
- mortality of TSSM eggse4
- Direction
- higheste4
- Value
- 72.5–92.5%e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)”
t1“two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychidae: Tetranychus urticae Koch)”
e4“Amitraz also caused the highest mortality of TSSM eggs (72.5–92.5%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Tagetes minuta leaf oil was toxic to mite eggs.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- T. minuta leaf oile5
- Interactor
- two-spotted spider mitet1pest
- Outcome
- toxic effects on TSSM eggse5
- Direction
- highere5
- Value
- 0.239%e5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)”
t1“two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychidae: Tetranychus urticae Koch)”
e5“T. minuta leaf oil had higher toxic effects on TSSM eggs (0.239%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined Amitraz, EB and profenofos caused higher mite mortality than sole application in the greenhouse.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- dose combination of Amitraz, EB, and profenofose6
- Interactor
- two-spotted spider mitet1pest
- Outcome
- mortality of TSSMe6
- Direction
- highere6
- Comparator
- their sole applicatione6
- Setting
- greenhousee6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)”
t1“two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychidae: Tetranychus urticae Koch)”
e6“In the greenhouse, the dose combination of Amitraz, EB, and profenofos caused higher mortality of TSSM than their sole application”
The same questions in other papers
profenofos · pest · Solanum tuberosum (potato)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
Azadirachta indica · pest · Solanum tuberosum (potato)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
emamectin benzoate · pest · Solanum tuberosum (potato)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.