Abstract
This investigation was carried out during 2002 and 2003 seasons on 15· year-old Thompson seedless grape variety "Banaty" grown at Ebshan, Kafr EI- Sheikh. where the soil is moderately alkaline to study the effecl of soil mulching with three different materials (black polyethylene, rice straw and bean straw) comparing with bare soil as a control. The obtained results could be summarized as follows: Black polyethylene (BPE) mulching treatment was the most effective on keeping soil lemperature more higher by about 2-3°C than of bare soil and other organic mulching treatments which reduced soil temperature at 7 a.m. and 1 p.rn. due to shedding effect of rice and bean straw. In addition, all mulching materials increased soil moisture content and the effect was more pronounced by BPE Ireatmenl due to reducing evaporation ofwaterfrom SOil surface. All mulching materials caused significant increased in shoot length (cm) during the growing seasons as well as number and fresh weight of fibrous roo Is (g) at 0- 30 and 30-60 cm soil depth, BPE treatment produced the highest values and rice straw came the second. then followed by bean straw material in both seasons. The positive effect of soil mulching extended to increase Ihe uptake of N. P, K, Ca and Mg nutrients as well as some organic substances in leaves such as chlorophyll and total carbohydrates, especially by rice straw treatment. Soil mulching with rice straw, followed by bean straw not only produced the highest fruit set percentage and yield as number and weight of clusters per vine, but also caused a significant improvement in most physical properties of cluster without any adverse effects on juice chemical properties. Rice straw as soil mulching material attained the highest adhesion force of berries from its pedicels (PAF) on the cluster when compared with the control and other mulching materials in the two seasons. Also, this treatment recorded the highest force needed to crush berry (BCF) as g/cm2at harvest time due to increasing flesh firmness of berries.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Black polyethylene mulch raised soil temperature by about 2-3°C relative to bare soil and organic mulches.
Verbatim
e0“Black polyethylene (BPE) mulching treatment was the most effective on keeping soil lemperature more higher by about 2-3°C than of bare soil and other organic mulching treatments which reduced soil temperature at 7 a.m. and 1 p.rn. due to shedding effect of rice and bean straw.”
t0“GRAPEVINES”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice and bean straw mulches reduced soil temperature.
Verbatim
e0“Black polyethylene (BPE) mulching treatment was the most effective on keeping soil lemperature more higher by about 2-3°C than of bare soil and other organic mulching treatments which reduced soil temperature at 7 a.m. and 1 p.rn. due to shedding effect of rice and bean straw.”
t0“GRAPEVINES”
Claim · model-written summary
All mulches increased soil moisture, most strongly under BPE.
- Taxon
- GRAPEVINESt0
- Treatment
- all mulching materialse0
- Outcome
- soil moisture contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- more pronounced by BPE Ireatmenle0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“all mulching materials increased soil moisture content and the effect was more pronounced by BPE Ireatmenl due to reducing evaporation ofwaterfrom SOil surface.”
t0“GRAPEVINES”
Claim · model-written summary
All mulches significantly increased shoot length.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“All mulching materials caused significant increased in shoot length (cm) during the growing seasons as well as number and fresh weight of fibrous roo Is (g) at 0- 30 and 30-60 cm soil depth, BPE treatment produced the highest values and rice straw came the second. then followed by bean straw material in both seasons.”
t0“GRAPEVINES”
Claim · model-written summary
All mulches significantly increased number and fresh weight of fibrous roo Is.
- Taxon
- GRAPEVINESt0
- Treatment
- All mulching materialse0
- Outcome
- number and fresh weight of fibrous roo Ise0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“All mulching materials caused significant increased in shoot length (cm) during the growing seasons as well as number and fresh weight of fibrous roo Is (g) at 0- 30 and 30-60 cm soil depth, BPE treatment produced the highest values and rice straw came the second. then followed by bean straw material in both seasons.”
t0“GRAPEVINES”
Claim · model-written summary
BPE produced the highest shoot and root growth values, followed by rice then bean straw.
Verbatim
e0“All mulching materials caused significant increased in shoot length (cm) during the growing seasons as well as number and fresh weight of fibrous roo Is (g) at 0- 30 and 30-60 cm soil depth, BPE treatment produced the highest values and rice straw came the second. then followed by bean straw material in both seasons.”
t0“GRAPEVINES”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil mulching increased uptake of N. P, K, Ca and Mg nutrients, particularly rice straw.
- Taxon
- GRAPEVINESt0
- Treatment
- soil mulchinge0
- Outcome
- uptake of N. P, K, Ca and Mg nutrientse0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Qualifier
- especially by rice straw treatmente0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The positive effect of soil mulching extended to increase Ihe uptake of N. P, K, Ca and Mg nutrients as well as some organic substances in leaves such as chlorophyll and total carbohydrates, especially by rice straw treatment.”
t0“GRAPEVINES”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil mulching increased chlorophyll and total carbohydrates, particularly rice straw.
- Taxon
- GRAPEVINESt0
- Treatment
- soil mulchinge0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll and total carbohydratese0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Qualifier
- especially by rice straw treatmente0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The positive effect of soil mulching extended to increase Ihe uptake of N. P, K, Ca and Mg nutrients as well as some organic substances in leaves such as chlorophyll and total carbohydrates, especially by rice straw treatment.”
t0“GRAPEVINES”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice straw mulch, then bean straw, gave the highest fruit set percentage.
- Taxon
- GRAPEVINESt0
- Treatment
- Soil mulching with rice straw, followed by bean strawe0
- Outcome
- fruit set percentagee0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Soil mulching with rice straw, followed by bean straw not only produced the highest fruit set percentage and yield as number and weight of clusters per vine, but also caused a significant improvement in most physical properties of cluster without any adverse effects on juice chemical properties.”
t0“GRAPEVINES”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice straw mulch, then bean straw, gave the highest yield as number and weight of clusters per vine.
- Taxon
- GRAPEVINESt0
- Treatment
- Soil mulching with rice straw, followed by bean strawe0
- Outcome
- yield as number and weight of clusters per vinee0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Soil mulching with rice straw, followed by bean straw not only produced the highest fruit set percentage and yield as number and weight of clusters per vine, but also caused a significant improvement in most physical properties of cluster without any adverse effects on juice chemical properties.”
t0“GRAPEVINES”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice straw mulch, then bean straw, gave the highest most physical properties of cluster.
- Taxon
- GRAPEVINESt0
- Treatment
- Soil mulching with rice straw, followed by bean strawe0
- Outcome
- most physical properties of clustere0
- Direction
- improvemente0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Soil mulching with rice straw, followed by bean straw not only produced the highest fruit set percentage and yield as number and weight of clusters per vine, but also caused a significant improvement in most physical properties of cluster without any adverse effects on juice chemical properties.”
t0“GRAPEVINES”
Claim · model-written summary
Mulching had no adverse effect on juice chemical properties.
- Taxon
- GRAPEVINESt0
- Treatment
- Soil mulching with rice straw, followed by bean strawe0
- Outcome
- juice chemical propertiese0
- Direction
- without any adverse effectse0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Soil mulching with rice straw, followed by bean straw not only produced the highest fruit set percentage and yield as number and weight of clusters per vine, but also caused a significant improvement in most physical properties of cluster without any adverse effects on juice chemical properties.”
t0“GRAPEVINES”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice straw mulch had the highest berry adhesion force.
Verbatim
e0“Rice straw as soil mulching material attained the highest adhesion force of berries from its pedicels (PAF) on the cluster when compared with the control and other mulching materials in the two seasons.”
t0“GRAPEVINES”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice straw mulch recorded the highest berry crushing force at harvest.
Verbatim
e0“this treatment recorded the highest force needed to crush berry (BCF) as g/cm2at harvest time due to increasing flesh firmness of berries.”
t0“GRAPEVINES”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.