Abstract
In the present study, Trichoderma virens TRS 106 decreased grey mould disease caused by Botrytis cinerea in tomato plants (S. lycopersicum L.) by enhancing their defense responses. Generally, plants belonging to the ‘Remiz’ variety, which were infected more effectively by B. cinerea than ‘Perkoz’ plants, generated more reactive molecules such as superoxide (O2−) and peroxynitrite (ONOO−), and less hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), S-nitrosothiols (SNO), and green leaf volatiles (GLV). Among the new findings, histochemical analyses revealed that B. cinerea infection caused nitric oxide (NO) accumulation in chloroplasts, which was not detected in plants treated with TRS 106, while treatment of plants with TRS 106 caused systemic spreading of H2O2 and NO accumulation in apoplast and nuclei. SPME-GCxGC TOF-MS analysis revealed 24 volatile organic compounds (VOC) released by tomato plants treated with TRS 106. Some of the hexanol derivatives, e.g., 4-ethyl-2-hexynal and 1,5-hexadien-3-ol, and salicylic acid derivatives, e.g., 4-hepten-2-yl and isoamyl salicylates, are considered in the protection of tomato plants against B. cinerea for the first time. The results are valuable for further studies aiming to further determine the location and function of NO in plants treated with Trichoderma and check the contribution of detected VOC in plant protection against B. cinerea.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
TRS 106 decreased Botrytis grey mould in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomato plants (S. lycopersicum L.)
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Treatment
- Trichoderma virens TRS 106e0
- Interactor
- Botrytis cinerea
Botrytis cinereae0pathogen - Second interactor
- Trichoderma virens TRS 106Trichoderma virense0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- grey mould diseasee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Trichoderma virens TRS 106 decreased grey mould disease caused by Botrytis cinerea in tomato plants (S. lycopersicum L.) by enhancing their defense responses.”
Claim · model-written summary
Remiz plants were infected more effectively by B. cinerea than Perkoz plants.
- Taxon
- tomato plants (S. lycopersicum L.)Solanum lycopersicume1
- Material
- Remize0
- Interactor
- B. cinereaBotrytis cinereae0pathogen
- Outcome
- infected more effectivelye0
- Direction
- more effectivelye0
- Comparator
- Perkoze0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plants belonging to the ‘Remiz’ variety, which were infected more effectively by B. cinerea than ‘Perkoz’ plants”
e1“tomato plants (S. lycopersicum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Remiz plants generated more superoxide and peroxynitrite than Perkoz plants.
- Taxon
- tomato plants (S. lycopersicum L.)Solanum lycopersicume1
- Material
- Remize2
- Outcome
- superoxide (O2−) and peroxynitrite (ONOO−)e0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- Perkoze2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“generated more reactive molecules such as superoxide (O2−) and peroxynitrite (ONOO−)”
e1“tomato plants (S. lycopersicum L.)”
e2“plants belonging to the ‘Remiz’ variety, which were infected more effectively by B. cinerea than ‘Perkoz’ plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Remiz plants generated less hydrogen peroxide, S-nitrosothiols and green leaf volatiles.
- Taxon
- tomato plants (S. lycopersicum L.)Solanum lycopersicume1
- Material
- Remize2
- Outcome
- hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), S-nitrosothiols (SNO), and green leaf volatiles (GLV)e0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Comparator
- Perkoze2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“and less hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), S-nitrosothiols (SNO), and green leaf volatiles (GLV)”
e1“tomato plants (S. lycopersicum L.)”
e2“plants belonging to the ‘Remiz’ variety, which were infected more effectively by B. cinerea than ‘Perkoz’ plants”
Claim · model-written summary
B. cinerea infection caused nitric oxide accumulation in chloroplasts.
- Taxon
- tomato plants (S. lycopersicum L.)Solanum lycopersicume1
- Organ / stage
- chloroplastse0
- Treatment
- B. cinerea infectione0
- Interactor
- B. cinereaBotrytis cinereae0pathogen
- Outcome
- nitric oxide (NO) accumulation in chloroplastse0
- Direction
- accumulatione0
- Comparator
- plants treated with TRS 106e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“B. cinerea infection caused nitric oxide (NO) accumulation in chloroplasts, which was not detected in plants treated with TRS 106”
e1“tomato plants (S. lycopersicum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
TRS 106 treatment caused systemic hydrogen peroxide spread and nitric oxide accumulation in apoplast and nuclei.
- Taxon
- tomato plants (S. lycopersicum L.)Solanum lycopersicume1
- Organ / stage
- apoplast and nucleie0
- Treatment
- TRS 106e0
- Interactor
- TRS 106e0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- systemic spreading of H2O2 and NO accumulatione0
- Direction
- accumulatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“treatment of plants with TRS 106 caused systemic spreading of H2O2 and NO accumulation in apoplast and nuclei”
e1“tomato plants (S. lycopersicum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
TRS 106 treated tomato released 24 volatile organic compounds.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- TRS 106e0
- Interactor
- TRS 106e0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- volatile organic compounds (VOC) releasede0
- Value
- 24e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SPME-GCxGC TOF-MS analysis revealed 24 volatile organic compounds (VOC) released by tomato plants treated with TRS 106”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors proposed roles for hexanol and salicylic acid derivatives in tomato protection against B. cinerea.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Interactor
- B. cinereaBotrytis cinereae0pathogen
- Compound
- 4-ethyl-2-hexynal and 1,5-hexadien-3-ole0
- Outcome
- protection of tomato plants against B. cinereae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Some of the hexanol derivatives, e.g., 4-ethyl-2-hexynal and 1,5-hexadien-3-ol, and salicylic acid derivatives, e.g., 4-hepten-2-yl and isoamyl salicylates, are considered in the protection of tomato plants against B. cinerea for the first time.”
t0“Tomato”
The same questions in other papers
Trichoderma virens · Botrytis cinerea · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.