Abstract
Rice crop is highly vulnerable at all stages of growth to different pathogens that affect the quality and quantity of its yield. Among the different diseases, Bacterial blight of rice (Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae), a deadly bacterial disease is among the most destructive affliction of cultivated rice (Oryza sativa and O. glaberrima). In severe epidemics, crop loss may be as high as 75 percent, and millions of hectares of rice are infected annually. Biological control based on antagonism is a potential, non-chemical and eco-friendly approach for managing plant diseases. Biocontrol agents like Trichoderma spp. are acclaimed as effective, eco-friendly and cheap, nullifying the ill effects of chemicals. The present study involved five different isolates of Trichoderma harzianum viz. IRRI-2, IRRI-3, IRRI-4, IRRI-5, IRRI-6 obtained from International Rice Research Institute. Variations were observed while comparing the efficacy of different Trichoderma harzianum isolates, IRRI-5 and IRRI-2 isolates exhibited superior anti-bacterial activities in vitro. Rice crop was raised from Trichoderma treated seeds and further challenge inoculates with Xoo to induce disease in plants. All the T. harzianum treated plants had lower incidence of diseases and higher yield than the untreated plant. Yield attributing characters like plant height, days of active tillering, panicle initiation and maturity, total number of grains per panicle, number of filled grains per panicle was positively influenced by Trichoderma harzianum application. However, there were variations among the treatment, isolate IRRI-5 was found most effective followed by IRRI-2, IRRI-4, IRRI-3 and IRRI-6 respectively.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
IRRI-5 showed superior in vitro antibacterial activity.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Material
- IRRI-5e0
- Interactor
- Trichoderma harzianum
Trichoderma harzianume1biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- anti-bacterial activities in vitroe0
- Direction
- superiore0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“IRRI-5 and IRRI-2 isolates exhibited superior anti-bacterial activities in vitro”
e1“Trichoderma harzianum isolates”
Claim · model-written summary
IRRI-2 showed superior in vitro antibacterial activity.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- IRRI-2e0
- Interactor
- Trichoderma harzianumTrichoderma harzianume1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- anti-bacterial activities in vitroe0
- Direction
- superiore0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“IRRI-5 and IRRI-2 isolates exhibited superior anti-bacterial activities in vitro”
e1“Trichoderma harzianum isolates”
Claim · model-written summary
All T. harzianum treated rice plants had lower disease incidence than untreated plants.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- T. harzianum treatede0
- Interactor
- Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae
Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzaee1pathogen - Second interactor
- T. harzianumTrichoderma harzianume0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- incidence of diseasese0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- untreated plante0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All the T. harzianum treated plants had lower incidence of diseases and higher yield than the untreated plant.”
t0“rice”
e1“Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae”
Claim · model-written summary
All T. harzianum treated rice plants yielded more than untreated plants.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- T. harzianum treatede0
- Interactor
- T. harzianumTrichoderma harzianume0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- untreated plante0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All the T. harzianum treated plants had lower incidence of diseases and higher yield than the untreated plant.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
T. harzianum application positively influenced rice plant height, active tillering and panicle initiation.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Trichoderma harzianum applicatione0
- Interactor
- Trichoderma harzianumTrichoderma harzianume0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- plant height, days of active tillering, panicle initiatione0
- Direction
- positively influencede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plant height, days of active tillering, panicle initiation and maturity, total number of grains per panicle, number of filled grains per panicle was positively influenced by Trichoderma harzianum application”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
T. harzianum application positively influenced rice maturity and grain counts per panicle.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Trichoderma harzianum applicatione0
- Interactor
- Trichoderma harzianumTrichoderma harzianume0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- maturity, total number of grains per panicle, number of filled grains per paniclee0
- Direction
- positively influencede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plant height, days of active tillering, panicle initiation and maturity, total number of grains per panicle, number of filled grains per panicle was positively influenced by Trichoderma harzianum application”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
IRRI-5 was the most effective isolate, followed by IRRI-2, IRRI-4, IRRI-3 and IRRI-6.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- IRRI-5e0
- Outcome
- most effectivee0
- Direction
- most effectivee0
- Comparator
- IRRI-2, IRRI-4, IRRI-3 and IRRI-6e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“isolate IRRI-5 was found most effective followed by IRRI-2, IRRI-4, IRRI-3 and IRRI-6 respectively”
t0“rice”
The same questions in other papers
Trichoderma harzianum · Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
Trichoderma harzianum · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
13 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
10 papers more in this group
See all 14 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.