Abstract
Maximizing the use of solar energy to increase the indoor temperature of greenhouse is of great significance to the green and energy-saving intensive greenhouse production in China. In this study, an active solar heating system (ASHS) was developed and analyzed, consisting of five solar water heaters equipped with vacuum tube solar collectors, one heat storage tank and heating system including booster pump and heating pipes. During the day, the water was heated in the solar collectors and stored in tanks before being placed into circulation in the heating pipes to distribute the heat to the aerial and root zones of plants. To evaluate the performance of ASHS and the feasibility of practical application, climate and plant growth parameters were monitored in two Chinese Solar Greenhouses (CSGs) located in Yangling, China. Results revealed that under the operating condition with the flow rate of 5.4 L/min, the effective heat collection, average heat collection efficiency and energy-saving efficiency of ASHS were 1.9 MJ/(m2•h), 64% and 84%, respectively. The coefficient of performance (COP) was between 4.5 and 6.2, and the payback period was 12.0 years. Furthermore, the results revealed that the ASHS successfully provided 76% of its annual heating needs, heated the CSG for 4 months and maintained the nocturnal temperature above 8 ℃. The actual application effect proved that it increased average indoor air temperature by 2.2 ℃ and substrate temperature by 3.3 ℃ in heated greenhouse. The growth rate of tomato plant height in the heated greenhouse was 0.7427 cm/d, greater than that in the unheated greenhouse (0.6 cm/d). The novel system proposed in this study adopting particular location enables the rise of the ambient and the substrate temperatures with lower energy consumption, improvement of the environmental conditions in CSG, and a more suitable growing environment for plants in the cold season.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
At 5.4 L/min, the heating system collected 1.9 MJ/(m2•h).
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Outcome
- effective heat collectione0
- Value
- 1.9 MJ/(m2•h)e0
- Qualifier
- flow rate of 5.4 L/mine0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“under the operating condition with the flow rate of 5.4 L/min, the effective heat collection, average heat collection efficiency and energy-saving efficiency of ASHS were 1.9 MJ/(m2•h), 64% and 84%, respectively”
t0“growth rate of tomato plant height”
Claim · model-written summary
Average heat collection efficiency was 64%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- average heat collection efficiencye0
- Value
- 64%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“average heat collection efficiency and energy-saving efficiency of ASHS were 1.9 MJ/(m2•h), 64% and 84%, respectively”
t0“growth rate of tomato plant height”
Claim · model-written summary
Energy saving efficiency was 84%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- energy-saving efficiencye0
- Value
- 84%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“energy-saving efficiency of ASHS were 1.9 MJ/(m2•h), 64% and 84%, respectively”
t0“growth rate of tomato plant height”
Claim · model-written summary
System COP ranged from 4.5 to 6.2.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- coefficient of performance (COP)e0
- Value
- between 4.5 and 6.2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The coefficient of performance (COP) was between 4.5 and 6.2, and the payback period was 12.0 years”
t0“growth rate of tomato plant height”
Claim · model-written summary
System payback was 12.0 years.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- payback periode0
- Value
- 12.0 yearse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the payback period was 12.0 years”
t0“growth rate of tomato plant height”
Claim · model-written summary
The system supplied 76% of annual heating needs.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- annual heating needse0
- Value
- 76%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the ASHS successfully provided 76% of its annual heating needs, heated the CSG for 4 months and maintained the nocturnal temperature above 8 ℃”
t0“growth rate of tomato plant height”
Claim · model-written summary
The system heated the greenhouse for four months.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- heated the CSGe0
- Value
- 4 monthse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“heated the CSG for 4 months”
t0“growth rate of tomato plant height”
Claim · model-written summary
The system kept night temperature above 8 ℃.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- nocturnal temperaturee0
- Value
- 8 ℃e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maintained the nocturnal temperature above 8 ℃”
t0“growth rate of tomato plant height”
Claim · model-written summary
Heating raised average indoor air temperature by 2.2 ℃.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- average indoor air temperaturee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 2.2 ℃e0
- Setting
- heated greenhousee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it increased average indoor air temperature by 2.2 ℃ and substrate temperature by 3.3 ℃ in heated greenhouse”
t0“growth rate of tomato plant height”
Claim · model-written summary
Heating raised substrate temperature by 3.3 ℃.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- substrate temperaturee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 3.3 ℃e0
- Setting
- heated greenhousee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it increased average indoor air temperature by 2.2 ℃ and substrate temperature by 3.3 ℃ in heated greenhouse”
t0“growth rate of tomato plant height”
Claim · model-written summary
Tomato height grew at 0.7427 cm/d in heated versus 0.6 cm/d in unheated greenhouse.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- heated greenhousee0
- Outcome
- growth rate of tomato plant heighte0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- 0.7427 cm/de0
- Qualifier
- 0.6 cm/de0
- Comparator
- unheated greenhousee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The growth rate of tomato plant height in the heated greenhouse was 0.7427 cm/d, greater than that in the unheated greenhouse (0.6 cm/d)”
The same questions in other papers
cultivation system · growth · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
20 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- no effect
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See all 24 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.