Abstract
Protein hydrolysates (PHs) are a prominent category of plant biostimulants, mainly constituted of amino acids, oligopeptides and polypeptides, obtained by partial hydrolysis of animal or plant protein sources. Despite scientific evidence supporting the biostimulant action of PHs on vegetables, the morphological, physiological, and shelf-life performances underlying the PH action on cut flowers are still poorly explored. Accordingly, the aim of this research is to assess the effects of three commercial biostimulants, one animal PH (PH A, Hicure®) and two plant PHs (PH V1, Trainer® and PH V2, Vegamin©), on two chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium) cultivars (Pinacolada and Radost). In both cultivars, only the plant-derived PH (V1 and V2) treatments recorded significantly higher fresh plant biomass than the control (on average +18%, in both cultivars). The foliar application of the vegetal-derived PHs but not the animal one, particularly in Pinacolada, improved the status of plants, stimulating stem elongation and the apical flower diameter. In Pinacolada, applications with PH V1 resulted in a significant increase in nitrate and P concentration in leaves and Ca content in flowers compared with the control (+43%, +27%, and +28% for nitrate, P, and Ca, respectively). In Radost, PH A and PH V2 applications caused a significant reduction in nitrate concentration in both leaves and flowers compared with the control. One week after harvest, in both cultivars, PH A applications caused flower stems to wilt faster than the control. In contrast, plants treated with PH V1 revealed significantly slower flower stem senescence compared to the control. Flower wilting during vase life was correlated to a decrease in the K-to-Na ratio in flowers due to an inability to transport K to the flowers from the leaves rather than an increase in Na in the flowers themselves.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Plant-derived PH V1 and V2 each increased fresh biomass in both cultivars by an average 18% versus control.
- Taxon
- Chrysanthemum morifolium
Chrysanthemum ×morifoliumt0 - Treatment
- plant-derived PH (V1 and V2) treatmentse0
- Outcome
- fresh plant biomasse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- +18%e0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“only the plant-derived PH (V1 and V2) treatments recorded significantly higher fresh plant biomass than the control (on average +18%, in both cultivars)”
t0“chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium)”
Claim · model-written summary
Vegetal PHs stimulated stem elongation and apical flower diameter, especially in Pinacolada.
- Taxon
- Chrysanthemum morifoliumChrysanthemum ×morifoliumt0
- Material
- Pinacoladae0
- Treatment
- foliar application of the vegetal-derived PHse0
- Outcome
- stem elongation and the apical flower diametere0
- Direction
- stimulatinge0
- Comparator
- the animal onee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The foliar application of the vegetal-derived PHs but not the animal one, particularly in Pinacolada, improved the status of plants, stimulating stem elongation and the apical flower diameter”
t0“chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium)”
Claim · model-written summary
PH V1 increased leaf nitrate concentration in Pinacolada by 43%.
- Taxon
- Chrysanthemum morifoliumChrysanthemum ×morifoliumt0
- Material
- Pinacoladae0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- PH V1e0
- Outcome
- nitratee0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- +43%e0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In Pinacolada, applications with PH V1 resulted in a significant increase in nitrate and P concentration in leaves and Ca content in flowers compared with the control (+43%, +27%, and +28% for nitrate, P, and Ca, respectively)”
t0“chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium)”
Claim · model-written summary
PH V1 increased leaf P concentration in Pinacolada by 27%.
- Taxon
- Chrysanthemum morifoliumChrysanthemum ×morifoliumt0
- Material
- Pinacoladae0
- Treatment
- PH V1e0
- Outcome
- P concentration in leavese0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- +27%e0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In Pinacolada, applications with PH V1 resulted in a significant increase in nitrate and P concentration in leaves and Ca content in flowers compared with the control (+43%, +27%, and +28% for nitrate, P, and Ca, respectively)”
t0“chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium)”
Claim · model-written summary
PH V1 increased flower Ca content in Pinacolada by 28%.
- Taxon
- Chrysanthemum morifoliumChrysanthemum ×morifoliumt0
- Material
- Pinacoladae0
- Treatment
- PH V1e0
- Outcome
- Ca content in flowerse0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- +28%e0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In Pinacolada, applications with PH V1 resulted in a significant increase in nitrate and P concentration in leaves and Ca content in flowers compared with the control (+43%, +27%, and +28% for nitrate, P, and Ca, respectively)”
t0“chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium)”
Claim · model-written summary
PH A reduced nitrate concentration in Radost leaves and flowers.
- Taxon
- Chrysanthemum morifoliumChrysanthemum ×morifoliumt0
- Material
- Radoste0
- Treatment
- PH Ae0
- Outcome
- nitrate concentration in both leaves and flowerse0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In Radost, PH A and PH V2 applications caused a significant reduction in nitrate concentration in both leaves and flowers compared with the control”
t0“chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium)”
Claim · model-written summary
PH V2 reduced nitrate concentration in Radost leaves and flowers.
- Taxon
- Chrysanthemum morifoliumChrysanthemum ×morifoliumt0
- Material
- Radoste0
- Treatment
- PH V2e0
- Outcome
- nitrate concentration in both leaves and flowerse0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In Radost, PH A and PH V2 applications caused a significant reduction in nitrate concentration in both leaves and flowers compared with the control”
t0“chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium)”
Claim · model-written summary
PH A caused flower stems in both cultivars to wilt faster one week after harvest.
- Taxon
- Chrysanthemum morifoliumChrysanthemum ×morifoliumt0
- Treatment
- PH A applicationse0
- Outcome
- flower stems to wilte0
- Direction
- fastere0
- Qualifier
- One week after harveste0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“One week after harvest, in both cultivars, PH A applications caused flower stems to wilt faster than the control”
t0“chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium)”
Claim · model-written summary
PH V1 slowed flower stem senescence relative to control.
- Taxon
- Chrysanthemum morifoliumChrysanthemum ×morifoliumt0
- Treatment
- PH V1e0
- Outcome
- flower stem senescencee0
- Direction
- slowere0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plants treated with PH V1 revealed significantly slower flower stem senescence compared to the control”
t0“chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium)”
Claim · model-written summary
Flower wilting during vase life correlated with a decrease in flower K-to-Na ratio.
- Taxon
- Chrysanthemum morifoliumChrysanthemum ×morifoliumt0
- Compound
- K-to-Na ratioe0
- Outcome
- Flower wiltinge0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Flower wilting during vase life was correlated to a decrease in the K-to-Na ratio in flowers”
t0“chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium)”
Claim · model-written summary
The lower flower K-to-Na ratio was attributed to inability to transport K from leaves rather than increased flower Na.
- Taxon
- Chrysanthemum morifoliumChrysanthemum ×morifoliumt0
- Outcome
- K-to-Na ratioe1
- Qualifier
- inability to transport K to the flowers from the leavese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“due to an inability to transport K to the flowers from the leaves rather than an increase in Na in the flowers themselves”
e1“K-to-Na ratio in flowers”
t0“chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium)”
The same questions in other papers
ph · nutrient: content · Chrysanthemum x morifolium (florist's daisy)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
application · growth · Chrysanthemum x morifolium (florist's daisy)Positive and negative results
10 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
11 papers more in this group
See all 15 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.