Abstract
Common smut, caused by Ustilago maydis (DC.) Corda, is a destructive fungal disease of maize worldwide; it forms large tumors, reducing corn yield and quality. However, the molecular defense mechanism to common smut in maize remains unclear. The present study aimed to use a leading maize inbred line Ye478 to analyze the response to U. maydis inoculation. The histological and cytological analyses demonstrated that U. maydis grew gradually to the host cells 6 h post-inoculation (hpi). The samples collected at 0, 3, 6, and 12 hpi were analyzed to assess the maize transcriptomic changes in response to U. maydis . The results revealed differences in hormone signaling, glycometabolism, and photosynthesis after U. maydis infection; specific changes were detected in jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA), ethylene (ET), and abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathways, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, and photosystems I and II, probably related to defense response. MapMan analysis demonstrated that the differentially expressed genes between the treatment and control groups were clustered into light reaction and photorespiration pathways. In addition, U. maydis inoculation induced chloroplast swelling and damage, suggesting a significant effect on the chloroplast activity and subsequent metabolic process, especially hexose metabolism. A further genetic study using wild-type and galactinol-sucrose galactosyltransferase ( gsg ) and yellow-green leaf-1 ( ygl-1 ) mutants identified that these two U. maydis -induced genes negatively regulated defense against common smut in maize. Our measurements showed the pathogen early-invasion process, and the key pathways of both chlorophyll biosynthesis and sugar transportation were critical modified in the infected maize line, thereby throwing a light on the molecular mechanisms in the maize- U. maydis interaction.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
U. maydis grew gradually to the host cells of maize by 6 h post-inoculation.
- Interactor
- U. maydis
Mycosarcoma maydise1pathogen - Outcome
- grew gradually to the host cellse1
- Qualifier
- 6 h post-inoculatione1
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The present study aimed to use a leading maize inbred line Ye478 to analyze the response to U. maydis inoculation”
e1“U. maydis grew gradually to the host cells 6 h post-inoculation (hpi)”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize hormone signaling pathways of JA, SA, ethylene and ABA changed after U. maydis infection, probably related to defense.
- Outcome
- jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA), ethylene (ET), and abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathwayse3
- Qualifier
- probably related to defense responsee3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The present study aimed to use a leading maize inbred line Ye478 to analyze the response to U. maydis inoculation”
e3“specific changes were detected in jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA), ethylene (ET), and abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathways, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, and photosystems I and II, probably related to defense response”
Claim · model-written summary
Glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and photosystems I and II changed in maize after U. maydis infection, probably related to defense.
- Outcome
- glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, and photosystems I and IIe3
- Qualifier
- probably related to defense responsee3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The present study aimed to use a leading maize inbred line Ye478 to analyze the response to U. maydis inoculation”
e3“specific changes were detected in jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA), ethylene (ET), and abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathways, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, and photosystems I and II, probably related to defense response”
Claim · model-written summary
Differentially expressed genes of infected maize clustered into light reaction and photorespiration pathways relative to controls.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The present study aimed to use a leading maize inbred line Ye478 to analyze the response to U. maydis inoculation”
e4“MapMan analysis demonstrated that the differentially expressed genes between the treatment and control groups were clustered into light reaction and photorespiration pathways”
Claim · model-written summary
U. maydis inoculation caused chloroplast swelling and damage in maize.
- Organ / stage
- chloroplaste5
- Treatment
- U. maydis inoculatione5
- Interactor
- U. maydisMycosarcoma maydise5pathogen
- Outcome
- chloroplast swelling and damagee5
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The present study aimed to use a leading maize inbred line Ye478 to analyze the response to U. maydis inoculation”
e5“U. maydis inoculation induced chloroplast swelling and damage, suggesting a significant effect on the chloroplast activity and subsequent metabolic process, especially hexose metabolism”
Claim · model-written summary
The chloroplast damage suggests an effect on chloroplast activity and hexose metabolism in infected maize.
- Organ / stage
- chloroplaste5
- Interactor
- U. maydisMycosarcoma maydise5pathogen
- Outcome
- chloroplast activitye5
- Qualifier
- subsequent metabolic process, especially hexose metabolisme5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The present study aimed to use a leading maize inbred line Ye478 to analyze the response to U. maydis inoculation”
e5“U. maydis inoculation induced chloroplast swelling and damage, suggesting a significant effect on the chloroplast activity and subsequent metabolic process, especially hexose metabolism”
Claim · model-written summary
The gsg and ygl-1 mutants of maize had reduced defense against common smut compared with wild-type.
- Treatment
- mutantse6
- Interactor
- U. maydisMycosarcoma maydise6pathogen
- Gene
- gsge6
- Outcome
- defense against common smute6
- Direction
- negatively regulatede6
- Qualifier
- yellow-green leaf-1 ( ygl-1 )e6
- Comparator
- wild-typee6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The present study aimed to use a leading maize inbred line Ye478 to analyze the response to U. maydis inoculation”
e6“using wild-type and galactinol-sucrose galactosyltransferase ( gsg ) and yellow-green leaf-1 ( ygl-1 ) mutants identified that these two U. maydis -induced genes negatively regulated defense against common smut in maize”
Claim · model-written summary
U. maydis infection critically modified chlorophyll biosynthesis and sugar transportation pathways in the infected maize line.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The present study aimed to use a leading maize inbred line Ye478 to analyze the response to U. maydis inoculation”
e7“the key pathways of both chlorophyll biosynthesis and sugar transportation were critical modified in the infected maize line”
The same questions in other papers
Mycosarcoma maydis · pest · Zea mays (maize)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
inoculation · pest · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
8 papers in the same direction as this paper · 23 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
28 papers more in this group
See all 32 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.