Abstract
Tassel galls were induced in 100% of corn plants in which the leaf whorl was injected with a suspension of sporidia of compatible isolates of Ustilago maydis 3–10 days before tassel emergence. Ear galls were induced at high frequency in Tastyvee sweet corn plants in which the sporidial suspension was injected between the leaf sheath and stalk at the sixth, seventh, and eighth nodes below the top of the plant 0–8 days before tassel emergence. Gall development was more variable in stalks and axillary buds than in ears. Mean incubation periods for appearance of galls in sweet corn hybrids grown in pots, greenhouse soil beds, and field plots were 17.5, 16, and 19 days, respectively. Ear galls were much larger on plants inoculated in the field than on those inoculated in the greenhouse, but the size of galls on stalks or axillary buds did not differ significantly for greenhouse- and field-grown plants. Inoculated hybrids in soil beds in the greenhouse had 27–77% fewer ears than the same hybrids left untreated or injected with water; 25% of those with galls on primary or secondary ears produced at least one normal ear, 23% of those without ear galls but with galls on stalks or axillary buds produced ears, and 32% of those with galls only on leaves or tassels produced ears. The injection technique is suitable for studies of host-pathogen interactions between corn and U. maydis in which typical gall development for adult plants is essential, but it may require some refinement before it can be used to screen corn genotypes for quantitative resistance to common smut.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Whorl injection induced tassel galls in all corn plants.
- Taxon
- Corn
Zea mays subsp. mayst0 - Treatment
- leaf whorl was injected with a suspension of sporidia of compatible isolates of Ustilago maydise0
- Interactor
- Ustilago maydis
Mycosarcoma maydise0pathogen - Outcome
- Tassel gallse0
- Direction
- inducede0
- Value
- 100%e0
- Qualifier
- 3–10 days before tassel emergencee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corn Plants”
e0“Tassel galls were induced in 100% of corn plants in which the leaf whorl was injected with a suspension of sporidia of compatible isolates of Ustilago maydis 3–10 days before tassel emergence.”
Claim · model-written summary
Injection between sheath and stalk induced ear galls at high frequency in Tastyvee sweet corn.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Material
- Tastyvee sweet corne0
- Treatment
- sporidial suspension was injected between the leaf sheath and stalke0
- Interactor
- Ustilago maydisMycosarcoma maydise1pathogen
- Outcome
- Ear gallse0
- Direction
- inducede0
- Qualifier
- high frequencye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corn Plants”
e0“Ear galls were induced at high frequency in Tastyvee sweet corn plants in which the sporidial suspension was injected between the leaf sheath and stalk at the sixth, seventh, and eighth nodes below the top of the plant 0–8 days before tassel emergence.”
e1“Ustilago maydis”
Claim · model-written summary
Gall development was more variable in stalks and axillary buds than ears.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Organ / stage
- stalks and axillary budse0
- Interactor
- Ustilago maydisMycosarcoma maydise1pathogen
- Outcome
- Gall developmente0
- Direction
- more variablee0
- Comparator
- earse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corn Plants”
e0“Gall development was more variable in stalks and axillary buds than in ears.”
e1“Ustilago maydis”
Claim · model-written summary
Mean gall incubation was 17.5 days in potted sweet corn hybrids.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Material
- sweet corn hybridse0
- Interactor
- Ustilago maydisMycosarcoma maydise1pathogen
- Outcome
- incubation periods for appearance of gallse0
- Value
- 17.5e0
- Setting
- potse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corn Plants”
e0“Mean incubation periods for appearance of galls in sweet corn hybrids grown in pots, greenhouse soil beds, and field plots were 17.5, 16, and 19 days, respectively.”
e1“Ustilago maydis”
Claim · model-written summary
Mean gall incubation was 16 days in greenhouse soil beds.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Interactor
- Ustilago maydisMycosarcoma maydise1pathogen
- Outcome
- incubation periods for appearance of gallse0
- Value
- 16e0
- Setting
- greenhouse soil bedse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corn Plants”
e0“Mean incubation periods for appearance of galls in sweet corn hybrids grown in pots, greenhouse soil beds, and field plots were 17.5, 16, and 19 days, respectively.”
e1“Ustilago maydis”
Claim · model-written summary
Mean gall incubation was 19 days in field plots.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Interactor
- Ustilago maydisMycosarcoma maydise1pathogen
- Outcome
- incubation periods for appearance of gallse0
- Value
- 19 dayse0
- Setting
- field plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corn Plants”
e0“Mean incubation periods for appearance of galls in sweet corn hybrids grown in pots, greenhouse soil beds, and field plots were 17.5, 16, and 19 days, respectively.”
e1“Ustilago maydis”
Claim · model-written summary
Ear galls were larger in the field than greenhouse.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Interactor
- Ustilago maydisMycosarcoma maydise1pathogen
- Outcome
- Ear gallse0
- Direction
- much largere0
- Comparator
- greenhousee0
- Setting
- fielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corn Plants”
e0“Ear galls were much larger on plants inoculated in the field than on those inoculated in the greenhouse”
e1“Ustilago maydis”
Claim · model-written summary
Stalk and axillary bud gall sizes did not differ significantly between field and greenhouse plants.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Interactor
- Ustilago maydisMycosarcoma maydise1pathogen
- Outcome
- size of galls on stalks or axillary budse0
- Direction
- did not differe0
- Setting
- greenhouse- and field-growne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corn Plants”
e0“the size of galls on stalks or axillary buds did not differ significantly for greenhouse- and field-grown plants”
e1“Ustilago maydis”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation reduced ear number by 27–77% relative to untreated or water-injected hybrids.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- Inoculatede0
- Interactor
- Ustilago maydisMycosarcoma maydise1pathogen
- Outcome
- earse0
- Direction
- fewere0
- Value
- 27–77%e0
- Comparator
- the same hybrids left untreated or injected with watere0
- Setting
- greenhousee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corn Plants”
e0“Inoculated hybrids in soil beds in the greenhouse had 27–77% fewer ears than the same hybrids left untreated or injected with water”
e1“Ustilago maydis”
Claim · model-written summary
Among plants with primary or secondary ear galls, 25% produced at least one normal ear.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Interactor
- Ustilago maydisMycosarcoma maydise1pathogen
- Outcome
- produced at least one normal eare0
- Value
- 25%e0
- Qualifier
- with galls on primary or secondary earse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corn Plants”
e0“25% of those with galls on primary or secondary ears produced at least one normal ear”
e1“Ustilago maydis”
Claim · model-written summary
Among plants with stalk or axillary bud galls but no ear galls, 23% produced ears.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Interactor
- Ustilago maydisMycosarcoma maydise1pathogen
- Outcome
- produced earse0
- Value
- 23%e0
- Qualifier
- without ear galls but with galls on stalks or axillary budse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corn Plants”
e0“23% of those without ear galls but with galls on stalks or axillary buds produced ears”
e1“Ustilago maydis”
Claim · model-written summary
Among plants with only leaf or tassel galls, 32% produced ears.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Interactor
- Ustilago maydisMycosarcoma maydise1pathogen
- Outcome
- produced earse0
- Value
- 32%e0
- Qualifier
- with galls only on leaves or tasselse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corn Plants”
e0“32% of those with galls only on leaves or tassels produced ears”
e1“Ustilago maydis”
Claim · model-written summary
The injection technique was judged suitable for adult corn host-pathogen studies.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Interactor
- U. maydisMycosarcoma maydise0pathogen
- Outcome
- suitable for studies of host-pathogen interactionse0
- Value
- typical gall developmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corn Plants”
e0“The injection technique is suitable for studies of host-pathogen interactions between corn and U. maydis in which typical gall development for adult plants is essential”
Claim · model-written summary
The injection technique may need refinement for quantitative resistance screening.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Outcome
- may require some refinement before it can be used to screen corn genotypes for quantitative resistance to common smute0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corn Plants”
e0“it may require some refinement before it can be used to screen corn genotypes for quantitative resistance to common smut”
The same questions in other papers
Mycosarcoma maydis · pest · Zea mays (maize)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.