Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) and abscisic acid (ABA) are essential regulators of plant growth and stress tolerance. Although the antagonistic interaction of BRs and ABA is proposed to ensure the balance between growth and defense in model plants, the crosstalk between BRs and ABA in response to chilling in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), a warm-climate horticultural crop, is unclear. Here, we determined that overexpression of the BR biosynthesis gene DWARF (DWF) or the key BR signaling gene BRASSINAZOLE-RESISTANT1 (BZR1) increases ABA levels in response to chilling stress via positively regulating the expression of the ABA biosynthesis gene 9-CIS-EPOXYCAROTENOID DIOXYGENASE1 (NCED1). BR-induced chilling tolerance was mostly dependent on ABA biosynthesis. Chilling stress or high BR levels decreased the abundance of BRASSINOSTEROID-INSENSITIVE2 (BIN2), a negative regulator of BR signaling. Moreover, we observed that chilling stress increases BR levels and results in the accumulation of BZR1. BIN2 negatively regulated both the accumulation of BZR1 protein and chilling tolerance by suppressing ABA biosynthesis. Our results demonstrate that BR signaling positively regulates chilling tolerance via ABA biosynthesis in tomato. The study has implications in production of warm-climate crops in horticulture.
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The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
DWF overexpression increased ABA under chilling through NCED1 expression.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- chilling stresse0
- Gene
- DWARF (DWF)e0
- Outcome
- ABA levelse0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Qualifier
- positively regulating the expression of the ABA biosynthesis gene 9-CIS-EPOXYCAROTENOID DIOXYGENASE1 (NCED1)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“overexpression of the BR biosynthesis gene DWARF (DWF) or the key BR signaling gene BRASSINAZOLE-RESISTANT1 (BZR1) increases ABA levels in response to chilling stress via positively regulating the expression of the ABA biosynthesis gene 9-CIS-EPOXYCAROTENOID DIOXYGENASE1 (NCED1)”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
BZR1 overexpression increased ABA under chilling through NCED1 expression.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- chilling stresse0
- Gene
- BRASSINAZOLE-RESISTANT1 (BZR1)e0
- Outcome
- ABA levelse0
- Direction
- increasese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the key BR signaling gene BRASSINAZOLE-RESISTANT1 (BZR1) increases ABA levels in response to chilling stress via positively regulating the expression of the ABA biosynthesis gene 9-CIS-EPOXYCAROTENOID DIOXYGENASE1 (NCED1)”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
BR-induced chilling tolerance depended mostly on ABA biosynthesis.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- chilling tolerancee0
- Qualifier
- mostly dependent on ABA biosynthesise0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BR-induced chilling tolerance was mostly dependent on ABA biosynthesis.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Chilling stress decreased BIN2 abundance.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Chilling stresse0
- Gene
- BRASSINOSTEROID-INSENSITIVE2 (BIN2)e0
- Outcome
- abundance of BRASSINOSTEROID-INSENSITIVE2 (BIN2)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chilling stress or high BR levels decreased the abundance of BRASSINOSTEROID-INSENSITIVE2 (BIN2)”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
High BR levels decreased BIN2 abundance.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- high BR levelse0
- Gene
- BRASSINOSTEROID-INSENSITIVE2 (BIN2)e0
- Outcome
- abundance of BRASSINOSTEROID-INSENSITIVE2 (BIN2)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“high BR levels decreased the abundance of BRASSINOSTEROID-INSENSITIVE2 (BIN2)”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Chilling stress increased BR levels.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- chilling stresse0
- Outcome
- BR levelse0
- Direction
- increasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“chilling stress increases BR levels”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Chilling stress led to BZR1 accumulation.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- chilling stresse0
- Outcome
- accumulation of BZR1e0
- Direction
- increaseinferrede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“chilling stress increases BR levels and results in the accumulation of BZR1”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
BIN2 suppressed BZR1 protein accumulation.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Gene
- BIN2e0
- Outcome
- accumulation of BZR1 proteine0
- Direction
- negatively regulatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BIN2 negatively regulated both the accumulation of BZR1 protein and chilling tolerance by suppressing ABA biosynthesis.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
BIN2 suppressed chilling tolerance through ABA biosynthesis suppression.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Gene
- BIN2e0
- Outcome
- chilling tolerancee0
- Direction
- negatively regulatede0
- Qualifier
- by suppressing ABA biosynthesise0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BIN2 negatively regulated both the accumulation of BZR1 protein and chilling tolerance by suppressing ABA biosynthesis.”
t0“tomato”
The same questions in other papers
cold · molecular: metabolites · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
10 papers in the same direction as this paper · 15 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- negative
22 papers more in this group
See all 26 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.