Abstract
Many plants are exposed to soil waterlogging, including soybean plants. Soil waterlogging exponentially increases the availability of iron (Fe) and causes O2 depletion, which may result in excessive uptake of Fe and shortage of O2 to the roots and also nodules in leguminous plants, resulting in overproduction of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation. The present study aimed to evaluate physiological damage to soybean leaves at the second trifoliate (V2) stage when exposed to non-waterlogged and waterlogged soils and combined with one moderate and two toxic levels of Fe. Soybean plants were vulnerable to soil waterlogging at all Fe levels tested, presenting the highest values of malonaldehyde, hydrogen peroxide, and Fe accumulation in the shoot, which resulted in accentuated damage to gas exchange and chlorophyll content, consequently leading to lower shoot dry weight. In contrast, soybean plants cultivated under optimal water availability showed less damage caused by excess Fe, mainly at 125 mg dm-3 Fe, since the traits of net photosynthetic rate, water use efficiency, instantaneous carboxylation efficiency, malonaldehyde, and shoot dry weight were not affected. Keywords: chlorophylls; gas exchange; Glycine max; ferrous ion. Encharcamento do solo associado ao excesso de ferro potencializa os danos fisiológicos às folhas de soja RESUMO: Muitas plantas estão expostas ao encharcamento do solo, incluindo plantas de soja. O encharcamento do solo aumenta exponencialmente a disponibilidade de ferro (Fe) no solo e causa depleção de O2, o que pode resultar na absorção excessiva de Fe e escassez de O2 para as raízes e também nódulos em plantas leguminosas, resultando em superprodução de espécies reativas de oxigênio e peroxidação lipídica. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os danos fisiológicos às folhas de soja no segundo estádio trifoliado (V2) quando exposta a solos não encharcados e encharcados combinado com um nível moderado e dois níveis tóxicos de Fe. As plantas de soja foram vulneráveis ao encharcamento do solo em todos os níveis de Fe testados, apresentando os maiores valores de malonaldeído, peróxido de hidrogênio e acúmulo de Fe na parte aérea, o que resultou em danos acentuados nas trocas gasosas e no conteúdo de clorofila, consequentemente levando a menor peso seco de parte aérea. Em contrapartida, plantas de soja cultivadas sob disponibilidade hídrica ótima apresentaram menos danos causados pelo excesso de Fe, principalmente a 125 mg dm-3 Fe, uma vez que as características de taxa fotossintética líquida, eficiência do uso da água, eficiência de carboxilação instantânea, malonaldeído e peso seca da parte aérea não foram afetados. Palavras-chave: clorofilas; trocas gasosas; Glycine max; íon ferroso.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Soil waterlogging increased malonaldehyde, hydrogen peroxide and shoot Fe accumulation in soybean leaves at all Fe levels tested.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Organ / stage
- second trifoliate (V2) stagee6
- Treatment
- soil waterlogginge0
- Outcome
- malonaldehyde, hydrogen peroxide, and Fe accumulation in the shoote0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Comparator
- non-waterloggede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soybean plants were vulnerable to soil waterlogging at all Fe levels tested, presenting the highest values of malonaldehyde, hydrogen peroxide, and Fe accumulation in the shoot”
e1“exposed to non-waterlogged and waterlogged soils”
e6“at the second trifoliate (V2) stage”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil waterlogging accentuated damage to gas exchange and chlorophyll content in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- soil waterlogginge0
- Outcome
- gas exchange and chlorophyll contente2
- Direction
- accentuatede2
- Comparator
- non-waterloggede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soybean plants were vulnerable to soil waterlogging at all Fe levels tested, presenting the highest values of malonaldehyde, hydrogen peroxide, and Fe accumulation in the shoot”
e1“exposed to non-waterlogged and waterlogged soils”
e2“resulted in accentuated damage to gas exchange and chlorophyll content”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil waterlogging led to lower shoot dry weight in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- soil waterlogginge0
- Outcome
- shoot dry weighte3
- Direction
- lowere3
- Comparator
- non-waterloggede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soybean plants were vulnerable to soil waterlogging at all Fe levels tested, presenting the highest values of malonaldehyde, hydrogen peroxide, and Fe accumulation in the shoot”
e1“exposed to non-waterlogged and waterlogged soils”
e3“consequently leading to lower shoot dry weight”
Claim · model-written summary
Under optimal water availability, net photosynthetic rate, water use efficiency and instantaneous carboxylation efficiency were not affected by excess Fe at 125 mg dm-3.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe4
- Treatment
- optimal water availabilitye4
- Outcome
- net photosynthetic rate, water use efficiency, instantaneous carboxylation efficiencye5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“soybean plants cultivated under optimal water availability showed less damage caused by excess Fe, mainly at 125 mg dm-3 Fe”
e5“since the traits of net photosynthetic rate, water use efficiency, instantaneous carboxylation efficiency, malonaldehyde, and shoot dry weight were not affected”
Claim · model-written summary
Under optimal water availability, malonaldehyde was not affected by excess Fe.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe4
- Treatment
- optimal water availabilitye4
- Outcome
- malonaldehydee5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“soybean plants cultivated under optimal water availability showed less damage caused by excess Fe, mainly at 125 mg dm-3 Fe”
e5“since the traits of net photosynthetic rate, water use efficiency, instantaneous carboxylation efficiency, malonaldehyde, and shoot dry weight were not affected”
Claim · model-written summary
Under optimal water availability, shoot dry weight was not affected by excess Fe.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe4
- Treatment
- optimal water availabilitye4
- Outcome
- shoot dry weighte5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“soybean plants cultivated under optimal water availability showed less damage caused by excess Fe, mainly at 125 mg dm-3 Fe”
e5“since the traits of net photosynthetic rate, water use efficiency, instantaneous carboxylation efficiency, malonaldehyde, and shoot dry weight were not affected”
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