Abstract
This paper presents the effects of catch crops (white mustard, lacy phacelia, and a mixture of legumes—faba bean + spring vetch) and two tillage systems (plough tillage and no-tillage) on some quality parameters of spring wheat grain. A field experiment in growing spring wheat in monoculture was conducted in the period 2016–2018 in Czesławice (central part of the Lublin region, Poland). An assumption was made that the nutritional composition of wheat grain could be influenced already at the stage of selection of agronomic practices by modifying the soil chemical and enzyme composition—being the “starting point” for grain quality. It was proven that all the catch crops tested in this study contributed to an improvement in the chemical composition of the soil used in the experiment (a significant increase in humus, P and Mg content). Both the catch crops and the conservation (no-tillage) system stimulated the activity of soil enzymes: dehydrogenase and urease. This resulted in more favorable soil conditions for spring wheat grown in monoculture. The cultivation of the catch crops (particularly white mustard) indirectly contributed to an increased content of dietary fiber and o-dihydroxyphenols in wheat grain. Moreover, the content of most of the amino acids determined and the essential amino acid index (EAAI) in wheat grain were found to be more favorable in the treatments with the catch crops. The highest content of all the macro- and micronutrients analyzed in wheat grain was found in the catch crop treatments (especially that with white mustard). It should be noted that spring wheat responded favorably to the reduced tillage system (no-tillage). Since the grain content of o-dihydroxyphenols, magnesium, calcium, copper, manganese, iron, selenium, and some amino acids (especially essential ones: Lys, Met, Trp) was found to be higher compared to plough tillage.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Catch crops significantly increased soil humus, P and Mg content in the wheat experiment.
- Taxon
- Spring Wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- catch cropse0
- Outcome
- humus, P and Mg contente0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Spring Wheat”
e0“all the catch crops tested in this study contributed to an improvement in the chemical composition of the soil used in the experiment (a significant increase in humus, P and Mg content)”
Claim · model-written summary
Catch crops stimulated soil dehydrogenase and urease activity in the wheat experiment.
- Taxon
- Spring WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- catch cropse0
- Outcome
- activity of soil enzymes: dehydrogenase and ureasee0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Spring Wheat”
e0“Both the catch crops and the conservation (no-tillage) system stimulated the activity of soil enzymes: dehydrogenase and urease”
Claim · model-written summary
No-tillage stimulated soil dehydrogenase and urease activity in the wheat experiment.
- Taxon
- Spring WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- no-tillagee0
- Outcome
- activity of soil enzymes: dehydrogenase and ureasee0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Spring Wheat”
e0“Both the catch crops and the conservation (no-tillage) system stimulated the activity of soil enzymes: dehydrogenase and urease”
Claim · model-written summary
Catch crop cultivation, especially white mustard, indirectly increased dietary fiber in wheat grain.
- Taxon
- Spring WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- catch cropse0
- Outcome
- content of dietary fibere0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- particularly white mustarde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Spring Wheat”
e0“The cultivation of the catch crops (particularly white mustard) indirectly contributed to an increased content of dietary fiber and o-dihydroxyphenols in wheat grain”
Claim · model-written summary
Catch crop cultivation, especially white mustard, indirectly increased o-dihydroxyphenols in wheat grain.
- Taxon
- Spring WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- catch cropse0
- Outcome
- o-dihydroxyphenols in wheat graine0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Spring Wheat”
e0“The cultivation of the catch crops (particularly white mustard) indirectly contributed to an increased content of dietary fiber and o-dihydroxyphenols in wheat grain”
Claim · model-written summary
Catch crop treatments made most measured amino acids and the essential amino acid index more favorable in wheat grain.
- Taxon
- Spring WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- catch cropse0
- Outcome
- content of most of the amino acids determined and the essential amino acid index (EAAI)e0
- Direction
- more favorablee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Spring Wheat”
e0“the content of most of the amino acids determined and the essential amino acid index (EAAI) in wheat grain were found to be more favorable in the treatments with the catch crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Catch crop treatments, especially white mustard, had the highest grain macro- and micronutrient content.
- Taxon
- Spring WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- catch crop treatmentse0
- Outcome
- content of all the macro- and micronutrients analyzed in wheat graine0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Qualifier
- especially that with white mustarde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Spring Wheat”
e0“The highest content of all the macro- and micronutrients analyzed in wheat grain was found in the catch crop treatments (especially that with white mustard)”
Claim · model-written summary
No-tillage produced higher grain o-dihydroxyphenols, magnesium and calcium than plough tillage.
- Taxon
- Spring WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- no-tillagee1
- Outcome
- o-dihydroxyphenols, magnesium, calciume0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- plough tillagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Spring Wheat”
e0“grain content of o-dihydroxyphenols, magnesium, calcium, copper, manganese, iron, selenium, and some amino acids (especially essential ones: Lys, Met, Trp) was found to be higher compared to plough tillage”
e1“reduced tillage system (no-tillage)”
Claim · model-written summary
No-tillage produced higher grain copper, manganese and iron than plough tillage.
- Taxon
- Spring WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- no-tillagee1
- Outcome
- copper, manganese, irone0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- plough tillagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Spring Wheat”
e0“grain content of o-dihydroxyphenols, magnesium, calcium, copper, manganese, iron, selenium, and some amino acids (especially essential ones: Lys, Met, Trp) was found to be higher compared to plough tillage”
e1“reduced tillage system (no-tillage)”
Claim · model-written summary
No-tillage produced higher grain selenium and some amino acids than plough tillage.
- Taxon
- Spring WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- no-tillagee1
- Outcome
- selenium, and some amino acidse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- especially essential ones: Lys, Met, Trpe0
- Comparator
- plough tillagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Spring Wheat”
e0“grain content of o-dihydroxyphenols, magnesium, calcium, copper, manganese, iron, selenium, and some amino acids (especially essential ones: Lys, Met, Trp) was found to be higher compared to plough tillage”
e1“reduced tillage system (no-tillage)”
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