Abstract
Information is limited on the potential of cowpea-wheat double cropping in the southern United States to enhance soil health and increase net returns. Using the Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT) crop model and weather data spanning 80 years, we assessed the effects of soil type (Darco: Grossarenic Paleudults and Lilbert: Arenic Plinthic Paleudults), N application rate (0, 100, and 200 kg•ha−1), and El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on the grain yields of double-cropped cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in this region. Yield differences were tested using the pairwise Wilcoxon rank sum test. Results showed that yields of wheat that followed cowpea (cwheat) were greater than those that followed fallow (fwheat). The soil type effects on cwheat and fwheat yields decreased with an increase in N rate. The soil type effect on cowpea yields was greater during La Niña. The ENSO impact on cowpea yields was greater on the less fertile soil Darco. Yields of cwheat and fwheat increased with an increase in N rate up to 100 and 200 kg•ha−1, respectively. The yield response of cwheat to N rate was less than that of fwheat. The N rate effects on cwheat and fwheat yields were greater on Darco and under El Niño. Yields of cowpea were greatest under El Niño, whereas those of wheat were greatest under La Niña. The ENSO effect on cowpea yields was greater on Darco. With an increase in N rate, the effect of ENSO was diminished.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat following cowpea yielded more than wheat following fallow.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- followed cowpeae0
- Outcome
- yields of wheate0
- Direction
- greater thane0
- Comparator
- followed fallowe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“yields of wheat that followed cowpea (cwheat) were greater than those that followed fallow (fwheat)”
t0“Cowpea-Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing nitrogen reduced the soil-type effect on wheat yields after cowpea.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- increase in N ratee0
- Outcome
- soil type effects on cwheate0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The soil type effects on cwheat and fwheat yields decreased with an increase in N rate.”
t0“Cowpea-Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing nitrogen reduced the soil-type effect on wheat yields after fallow.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- increase in N ratee0
- Outcome
- fwheat yieldse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The soil type effects on cwheat and fwheat yields decreased with an increase in N rate.”
t0“Cowpea-Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The soil-type effect on cowpea yield was greater during La Niña.
- Taxon
- cowpea
Vigna unguiculatae0 - Outcome
- soil type effect on cowpea yieldse0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Setting
- La Niñae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The soil type effect on cowpea yields was greater during La Niña.”
Claim · model-written summary
The ENSO effect on cowpea yield was greater on Darco soil.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae0
- Outcome
- ENSO impact on cowpea yieldse0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Setting
- Darcoe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The ENSO impact on cowpea yields was greater on the less fertile soil Darco.”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat yield after cowpea increased with nitrogen up to 100 kg per hectare.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- increase in N ratee0
- Outcome
- Yields of cwheate0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 100e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yields of cwheat and fwheat increased with an increase in N rate up to 100 and 200 kg•ha−1, respectively.”
t0“Cowpea-Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat yield after fallow increased with nitrogen up to 200 kg per hectare.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- increase in N ratee0
- Outcome
- fwheate0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 200 kg•ha−1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yields of cwheat and fwheat increased with an increase in N rate up to 100 and 200 kg•ha−1, respectively.”
t0“Cowpea-Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat after cowpea had a smaller yield response to nitrogen than wheat after fallow.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- yield response of cwheat to N ratee0
- Direction
- less thane0
- Comparator
- fwheate0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The yield response of cwheat to N rate was less than that of fwheat.”
t0“Cowpea-Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen effects on wheat yields were greater on Darco soil.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- N rate effects on cwheat and fwheat yieldse0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Setting
- Darcoe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The N rate effects on cwheat and fwheat yields were greater on Darco and under El Niño.”
t0“Cowpea-Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen effects on wheat yields were greater under El Niño.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- N rate effects on cwheat and fwheat yieldse0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Setting
- El Niñoe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The N rate effects on cwheat and fwheat yields were greater on Darco and under El Niño.”
t0“Cowpea-Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Cowpea yields were greatest under El Niño.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae0
- Outcome
- Yields of cowpeae0
- Direction
- greateste0
- Setting
- El Niñoe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yields of cowpea were greatest under El Niño”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat yields were greatest under La Niña.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- those of wheate0
- Direction
- greateste0
- Setting
- La Niñae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“those of wheat were greatest under La Niña”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing nitrogen diminished the ENSO effect.
Verbatim
e0“With an increase in N rate, the effect of ENSO was diminished.”
t0“Cowpea-Wheat”
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