Abstract
Peanut is among the most important oil crops in the world. In the southern part of China, peanut is highly produced; however, the arable land is acidic. In acidic soils, aluminum (Al) inhibits plant growth and development by changing the properties of the cell wall and causing the disorder of the intracellular metabolic process. Circadian rhythm is an internal mechanism that occurs about every 24 h and enables plants to maintain internal biological processes with a daily cycle. To investigate the effect of photoperiod and Al stress on the Al-induced programmed cell death (PCD), two peanut varieties were treated with 100 μM AlCl3 under three photoperiodic conditions (8/16, SD; 12/12, ND; 16/8 h, LD). The results show that Al toxicity was higher in ZH2 than in 99-1507 and higher under LD than under SD. Root length decreased by 30, 37.5, and 50% in ZH2 and decreased by 26.08, 34.78, and 47.82% in 99-1507 under SD, ND, and LD, respectively, under Al stress. Photoperiod and Al induced cell death and ROS production. MDA content, PME activity, and LOX activity increased under SD, ND, and LD, respectively, under Al stress both in ZH2 and 99-1507. APX, SOD, CAT, and POD activities were higher under SD, ND, and LD, respectively. Al stress increased the level of AhLHY expression under SD and ND but decreased it under LD in both ZH2 and 99-1507. Contrastingly, AhSTS expression levels increased exponentially and were higher under SD, LD, and ND, respectively, under Al stress. Our results will be a useful platform to research PCD induced by Al and gain new insights into the genetic manipulation of the circadian clock for plant stress response.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Al toxicity was higher in ZH2 than 99-1507 and under long than short days.
- Taxon
- peanut
Arachis hypogaeae1 - Material
- ZH2e0
- Outcome
- Al toxicitye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- higher under LD than under SDe0
- Comparator
- 99-1507e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Al toxicity was higher in ZH2 than in 99-1507 and higher under LD than under SD”
e1“two peanut varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Al stress reduced ZH2 root length by 30%, 37.5%, and 50% under short, normal, and long days, respectively.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae1
- Material
- ZH2e0
- Treatment
- 100 μM AlCl3e1
- Outcome
- Root lengthe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 30, 37.5, and 50%e0
- Qualifier
- SD, ND, and LDe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Root length decreased by 30, 37.5, and 50% in ZH2 and decreased by 26.08, 34.78, and 47.82% in 99-1507 under SD, ND, and LD, respectively, under Al stress”
e1“two peanut varieties were treated with 100 μM AlCl3”
Claim · model-written summary
Al stress reduced 99-1507 root length by 26.08%, 34.78%, and 47.82% under short, normal, and long days, respectively.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae1
- Material
- 99-1507e0
- Treatment
- 100 μM AlCl3e1
- Outcome
- Root lengthe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 26.08, 34.78, and 47.82%e0
- Qualifier
- SD, ND, and LDe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Root length decreased by 30, 37.5, and 50% in ZH2 and decreased by 26.08, 34.78, and 47.82% in 99-1507 under SD, ND, and LD, respectively, under Al stress”
e1“two peanut varieties were treated with 100 μM AlCl3”
Claim · model-written summary
Photoperiod and Al induced cell death and reactive oxygen species production.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae1
- Treatment
- Photoperiod and Ale0
- Outcome
- cell death and ROS productione0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Photoperiod and Al induced cell death and ROS production”
e1“two peanut varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
MDA content and PME and LOX activity rose under Al stress across photoperiods in both varieties.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae1
- Treatment
- Al stresse0
- Outcome
- MDA content, PME activity, and LOX activitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- both in ZH2 and 99-1507e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MDA content, PME activity, and LOX activity increased under SD, ND, and LD, respectively, under Al stress both in ZH2 and 99-1507”
e1“two peanut varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
APX, SOD, CAT and POD activities were higher under short, normal and long days.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae1
- Outcome
- APX, SOD, CAT, and POD activitiese0
- Direction
- highere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“APX, SOD, CAT, and POD activities were higher under SD, ND, and LD, respectively”
e1“two peanut varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Al stress increased AhLHY expression under short and normal days.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae1
- Treatment
- Al stresse0
- Gene
- AhLHYe0
- Outcome
- AhLHY expressione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- under SD and NDe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Al stress increased the level of AhLHY expression under SD and ND but decreased it under LD in both ZH2 and 99-1507”
e1“two peanut varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Al stress decreased AhLHY expression under long days.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae1
- Treatment
- Al stresse0
- Gene
- AhLHYe0
- Outcome
- AhLHY expressione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- under LDe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Al stress increased the level of AhLHY expression under SD and ND but decreased it under LD in both ZH2 and 99-1507”
e1“two peanut varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
AhSTS expression increased exponentially under Al stress.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae1
- Treatment
- Al stresse0
- Gene
- AhSTSe0
- Outcome
- AhSTS expression levelse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- under SD, LD, and NDe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AhSTS expression levels increased exponentially and were higher under SD, LD, and ND, respectively, under Al stress”
e1“two peanut varieties”
The same questions in other papers
aluminium atom · physiology: oxidative · Arachis hypogaea (peanut)Results differ
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- no effect
aluminium trichloride · growth · Arachis hypogaea (peanut)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
heavy metal · physiology: oxidative · Arachis hypogaea (peanut)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.