Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine the potential ameliorative effects of biostimulant application on lettuce plants grown under deficit irrigation conditions. For this purpose, we evaluated the effect of five biostimulant products with a varied composition (e.g., seaweed extracts + macronutrients + amino acids (SW); humic + fulvic acids (HF); Si + Ca (SiC); Si (Si); vegetable proteins + amino acids (VP)) and the control treatment (no biostimulant added (NB)) on field-grown lettuce plants (Lactuca sativa L.: Romaine type cv. Doris) under deficit irrigation conditions (Control treatment: rain-fed plants; I1: 50% of field capacity; I2: 100% of field capacity). The growth parameters tested were plant weight (aerial part), number of leaves, fresh and dry weight of leaves, plant height, leaf area index (LAI) and specific leaf area (SLA), and SPAD index. Our results indicate that the biostimulant with seaweed extracts + macronutrients + amino acids (SW) combined with deficient irrigation (I1) presented the highest values in terms of plant weight, leaf weight, LAI, as well as the chlorophyll content in lettuce plants. According to the SPAD values, the biostimulant treatments performed higher values of chlorophyll in the case of the rain-fed plants compared to those that were fully irrigated (I2). In addition, the Si treatment presented the higher plant height under deficit irrigation (I1) as well as the greatest number of leaves. In general, all of the biostimulants showed a better response to deficit irrigation and to rain-fed plants compared to those with full irrigation in almost all of the measurements.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
SW with I1 gave the highest plant and leaf weights and LAI.
- Taxon
- Lettuce
Lactuca sativat0 - Treatment
- seaweed extracts + macronutrients + amino acids (SW) combined with deficient irrigation (I1)e0
- Outcome
- plant weight, leaf weight, LAIe0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the biostimulant with seaweed extracts + macronutrients + amino acids (SW) combined with deficient irrigation (I1) presented the highest values in terms of plant weight, leaf weight, LAI”
t0“Lettuce Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
SW with I1 gave the highest chlorophyll content.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae0
- Treatment
- seaweed extracts + macronutrients + amino acids (SW) combined with deficient irrigation (I1)e0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the biostimulant with seaweed extracts + macronutrients + amino acids (SW) combined with deficient irrigation (I1) presented the highest values in terms of plant weight, leaf weight, LAI, as well as the chlorophyll content in lettuce plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Biostimulants gave higher SPAD chlorophyll values in rain-fed than fully irrigated plants.
- Taxon
- LettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- biostimulant treatmentse0
- Outcome
- values of chlorophylle0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- rain-fed plantse0
- Comparator
- fully irrigated (I2)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the biostimulant treatments performed higher values of chlorophyll in the case of the rain-fed plants compared to those that were fully irrigated (I2)”
t0“Lettuce Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Si under I1 gave the greatest plant height and leaf number.
- Taxon
- LettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- Si treatmente0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- deficit irrigation (I1)e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the Si treatment presented the higher plant height under deficit irrigation (I1) as well as the greatest number of leaves”
t0“Lettuce Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Si under I1 gave the greatest leaf number.
- Taxon
- LettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- Si treatmente0
- Outcome
- number of leavese0
- Direction
- greateste0
- Qualifier
- deficit irrigation (I1)e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the Si treatment presented the higher plant height under deficit irrigation (I1) as well as the greatest number of leaves”
t0“Lettuce Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Biostimulants generally responded better under deficit irrigation than full irrigation across almost all measurements.
- Taxon
- LettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- deficit irrigatione0
- Outcome
- responsee0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Qualifier
- almost all of the measurementse0
- Comparator
- full irrigatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“all of the biostimulants showed a better response to deficit irrigation and to rain-fed plants compared to those with full irrigation in almost all of the measurements”
t0“Lettuce Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Biostimulants generally responded better in rain-fed than fully irrigated plants across almost all measurements.
- Taxon
- LettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- rain-fed plantse0
- Outcome
- responsee0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Qualifier
- almost all of the measurementse0
- Comparator
- full irrigatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“all of the biostimulants showed a better response to deficit irrigation and to rain-fed plants compared to those with full irrigation in almost all of the measurements”
t0“Lettuce Plants”
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