Abstract
Abstract Viruses often usurp host machineries for their amplification, but it remains unclear if hosts may subvert virus proteins to regulate viral proliferation. Here, we show that the 17K protein, an important virulence factor conserved in barley yellow dwarf viruses (BYDVs) and related poleroviruses, is phosphorylated by host GRIK1‐SnRK1 kinases, with the phosphorylated 17K (P17K) capable of enhancing the abundance of virus‐derived small interfering RNAs (vsiRNAs) and thus antiviral RNAi. Furthermore, P17K interacts with barley small RNA‐degrading nuclease 1 (HvSDN1) and impedes HvSDN1‐catalyzed vsiRNA degradation. Additionally, P17K weakens the HvSDN1‐HvAGO1 interaction, thus hindering HvSDN1 from accessing and degrading HvAGO1‐carried vsiRNAs. Importantly, transgenic expression of 17K phosphomimetics (17K 5D ), or genome editing of SDN1 , generates stable resistance to BYDV through elevating vsiRNA abundance. These data validate a novel mechanism that enhances antiviral RNAi through host subversion of a viral virulence protein to inhibit SDN1‐catalyzed vsiRNA degradation and suggest new ways for engineering BYDV‐resistant crops.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Barley GRIK1-SnRK1 kinases phosphorylated viral 17K protein.
- Taxon
- Barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaret0 - Interactor
- barley yellow dwarf viruses
Barley yellow dwarf viruse0pathogen - Gene
- GRIK1‐SnRK1e0
- Outcome
- 17K proteine0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“the 17K protein, an important virulence factor conserved in barley yellow dwarf viruses (BYDVs) and related poleroviruses, is phosphorylated by host GRIK1‐SnRK1 kinases”
t0“Barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphorylated 17K enhanced virus-derived small interfering RNA abundance and antiviral RNAi.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Gene
- P17Ke0
- Outcome
- abundance of virus‐derived small interfering RNAs (vsiRNAs) and thus antiviral RNAie0
- Direction
- enhancinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the phosphorylated 17K (P17K) capable of enhancing the abundance of virus‐derived small interfering RNAs (vsiRNAs) and thus antiviral RNAi.”
t0“Barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphorylated 17K interacted with barley HvSDN1.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Gene
- HvSDN1e0
- Outcome
- P17K interacts with barley small RNA‐degrading nuclease 1 (HvSDN1)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“P17K interacts with barley small RNA‐degrading nuclease 1 (HvSDN1) and impedes HvSDN1‐catalyzed vsiRNA degradation.”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphorylated 17K impeded HvSDN1-catalyzed vsiRNA degradation.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Gene
- HvSDN1e0
- Outcome
- HvSDN1‐catalyzed vsiRNA degradatione0
- Direction
- impedese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“P17K interacts with barley small RNA‐degrading nuclease 1 (HvSDN1) and impedes HvSDN1‐catalyzed vsiRNA degradation.”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphorylated 17K weakened HvSDN1-HvAGO1 interaction and hindered access to HvAGO1-carried vsiRNAs.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Gene
- HvSDN1‐HvAGO1e0
- Outcome
- HvSDN1‐HvAGO1 interactione0
- Direction
- weakense0
- Qualifier
- hindering HvSDN1 from accessing and degrading HvAGO1‐carried vsiRNAse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“P17K weakens the HvSDN1‐HvAGO1 interaction, thus hindering HvSDN1 from accessing and degrading HvAGO1‐carried vsiRNAs.”
t0“Barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Transgenic expression of 17K phosphomimetics generated stable BYDV resistance through elevated vsiRNA abundance.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- transgenic expression of 17K phosphomimetics (17K 5D )e0
- Interactor
- BYDVBarley yellow dwarf viruse0pathogen
- Gene
- 17K 5De0
- Outcome
- stable resistance to BYDVe0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“transgenic expression of 17K phosphomimetics (17K 5D ), or genome editing of SDN1 , generates stable resistance to BYDV through elevating vsiRNA abundance.”
t0“Barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Genome editing of SDN1 generated stable BYDV resistance through elevated vsiRNA abundance.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- genome editing of SDN1e0
- Interactor
- BYDVBarley yellow dwarf viruse0pathogen
- Gene
- SDN1e0
- Outcome
- stable resistance to BYDVe0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“transgenic expression of 17K phosphomimetics (17K 5D ), or genome editing of SDN1 , generates stable resistance to BYDV through elevating vsiRNA abundance.”
t0“Barley”
The same questions in other papers
loss of function · Barley yellow dwarf virus · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.