Abstract
Abstract Calyx green end disorder (GED) of ‘Golden Delicious’ apple ( Malus domestica Borkh.) is a sublethal fruit disorder characterized by a flattening distortion of the calyx lobes and a persistent green coloring of the skin at the calyx end of mature fruit. The severity of the symptom varied from mild skin greening to necrosis and was subjectively evaluated on a scale of one to 5. Fluoride applied as ammonium fluoride to spur leaves, fruit, the whole canopy, and via xylem caused symptoms identical to those in an untreated commercial orchard with a serious GED problem. Increasing severity of GED up to a rating of 3 was associated with increased levels of F in cortical calyx fruit tissue (r = 0.93). In the commercial orchard, the incidence of GED was associated with elevated levels of soil- and air-borne F. Season-long calcium chloride sprays were not effective in reducing GED, but weekly overhead irrigation rinsing treatments did significantly reduce GED severity. Gibberellins A 4 + 7 (GA 4 + 7 ) plus 6-benzylamino purine (BA) applied at bloom also reduced severity of GED but, in combination with irrigation rinsing, was no more effective than rinsing alone.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by-nc-nd. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Calyx green end disorder distorted calyx lobes and retained green skin at the calyx end of mature fruit.
- Taxon
- apple
Malus domesticae0 - Material
- ‘Golden Delicious’e0
- Outcome
- a flattening distortion of the calyx lobes and a persistent green coloring of the skin at the calyx end of mature fruite0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Calyx green end disorder (GED) of ‘Golden Delicious’ apple ( Malus domestica Borkh.) is a sublethal fruit disorder characterized by a flattening distortion of the calyx lobes and a persistent green coloring of the skin at the calyx end of mature fruit.”
Claim · model-written summary
Disorder severity ranged from mild greening to necrosis.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- severity of the symptome0
- Qualifier
- mild skin greening to necrosise0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The severity of the symptom varied from mild skin greening to necrosis”
t0“Apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Applied ammonium fluoride caused symptoms identical to those in an untreated affected orchard.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Fluoride applied as ammonium fluoride to spur leaves, fruit, the whole canopy, and via xyleme0
- Outcome
- symptoms identical to those in an untreated commercial orcharde0
- Comparator
- untreated commercial orcharde0
- Setting
- commercial orcharde0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fluoride applied as ammonium fluoride to spur leaves, fruit, the whole canopy, and via xylem caused symptoms identical to those in an untreated commercial orchard with a serious GED problem.”
t0“Apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Disorder severity up to rating 3 increased with cortical calyx fruit tissue fluoride.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Organ / stage
- cortical calyx fruit tissuee0
- Compound
- Fe0
- Outcome
- severity of GEDe0
- Direction
- Increasinge0
- Value
- r = 0.93e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing severity of GED up to a rating of 3 was associated with increased levels of F in cortical calyx fruit tissue (r = 0.93).”
t0“Apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Disorder incidence in the commercial orchard was associated with elevated soil and airborne fluoride.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Compound
- Fe0
- Outcome
- incidence of GEDe0
- Setting
- commercial orcharde0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the commercial orchard, the incidence of GED was associated with elevated levels of soil- and air-borne F.”
t0“Apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Season long calcium chloride sprays did not significantly reduce disorder.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Season-long calcium chloride sprayse0
- Outcome
- GEDe0
- Direction
- not effective in reducinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Season-long calcium chloride sprays were not effective in reducing GED”
t0“Apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Weekly overhead irrigation rinsing significantly reduced disorder severity.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- weekly overhead irrigation rinsing treatmentse0
- Outcome
- GED severitye0
- Direction
- reducee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“weekly overhead irrigation rinsing treatments did significantly reduce GED severity”
t0“Apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Bloom applied gibberellins plus benzylamino purine reduced disorder severity.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Gibberellins A 4 + 7 (GA 4 + 7 ) plus 6-benzylamino purine (BA) applied at bloome0
- Outcome
- severity of GEDe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Gibberellins A 4 + 7 (GA 4 + 7 ) plus 6-benzylamino purine (BA) applied at bloom also reduced severity of GED”
t0“Apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Combining the bloom treatment with rinsing did not improve efficacy over rinsing alone.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- in combination with irrigation rinsinge0
- Outcome
- no more effectivee0
- Direction
- no more effectivee0
- Comparator
- rinsing alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in combination with irrigation rinsing, was no more effective than rinsing alone”
t0“Apples”
The same questions in other papers
N-benzyladenine · disease · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Gibberellic acid · disease · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
7 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- positive
6 papers more in this group
See all 10 papers →irrigation · disease · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- negative
6 papers more in this group
See all 10 papers →class · disease · Malus domestica (apple)Results agree
5 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.