Abstract
Abstract Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) development of Glomus intraradices Schenck & Smith and growth response of Carrizo citrange [ Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf. × Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] and sour orange (C. aurantium L.) seedlings were examined in peat-perlite medium fertilized with 4 levels of superphosphate (SP) and rock phosphate (RP). Loss of P from SP-amended medium was exponential, whereas release of P was linear from RP-amended medium. With SP, root colonization by G. intraradices and growth response of both citrus rootstocks were reduced compared to RP-amended medium. VAM colonization and growth response were less with SP-amended medium than RP, probably because of the initially high available P from SP which inhibited VAM development, and because P later declined to levels insufficient to support maximum growth. When RP was used as a controlled-release source of P, VAM colonization was comparable to that observed in mineral soils. Growth of VAM plants exceeded that of uninoculated plants fertilized with increased levels of soluble P because of P-induced Cu deficiency in absence of VAM. An additional advantage of RP was long-term availability of P, compared to SP which leached within weeks after application to peat-perlite. No further P fertilization may be necessary if RP and VAM inoculum are incorporated into soilless media before planting, whereas repeated application of soluble P would be required for slow-growing woody plants like citrus.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphorus loss from superphosphate medium was exponential.
CitrusNot reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Loss of P from SP-amended medium was exponential”
t0“Citrus”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphorus release from rock phosphate medium was linear.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“release of P was linear from RP-amended medium”
t0“Citrus”
Claim · model-written summary
Superphosphate reduced G. intraradices root colonization compared with rock phosphate.
- Treatment
- SPe0
- Interactor
- G. intraradicesRhizophagus intraradicese0symbiont
- Outcome
- root colonization by G. intraradicese0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- RP-amended mediume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With SP, root colonization by G. intraradices and growth response of both citrus rootstocks were reduced compared to RP-amended medium”
t0“Citrus”
Claim · model-written summary
Superphosphate reduced citrus rootstock growth response compared with rock phosphate.
- Treatment
- SPe0
- Interactor
- G. intraradicesRhizophagus intraradicese0symbiont
- Outcome
- growth response of both citrus rootstockse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- RP-amended mediume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With SP, root colonization by G. intraradices and growth response of both citrus rootstocks were reduced compared to RP-amended medium”
t0“Citrus”
Claim · model-written summary
Rock phosphate medium gave VAM colonization comparable to mineral soils.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When RP was used as a controlled-release source of P, VAM colonization was comparable to that observed in mineral soils”
t0“Citrus”
Claim · model-written summary
VAM plant growth exceeded uninoculated plants supplied with more soluble phosphorus.
- Treatment
- VAMe0
- Interactor
- VAMe0symbiont
- Outcome
- Growth of VAM plantse0
- Direction
- exceedede0
- Comparator
- uninoculated plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Growth of VAM plants exceeded that of uninoculated plants fertilized with increased levels of soluble P because of P-induced Cu deficiency in absence of VAM”
t0“Citrus”
Claim · model-written summary
Rock phosphate maintained phosphorus availability longer than rapidly leached superphosphate.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An additional advantage of RP was long-term availability of P, compared to SP which leached within weeks after application to peat-perlite”
t0“Citrus”
Claim · model-written summary
Rock phosphate and VAM inoculum may remove the need for further phosphorus fertilization in soilless citrus media.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No further P fertilization may be necessary if RP and VAM inoculum are incorporated into soilless media before planting”
t0“Citrus”
The same questions in other papers
mycorrhiza · growth · CitrusResults agree
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- positive
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See all 10 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.