Abstract
BACKGROUND: Apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) is an important economic crop. The pathological effects of Fusarium solani, a species complex of soilborne pathogens, on the root systems of apple plants was unknown. It was unclear how mycorrhizal apple seedlings resist infection by F. solani. The transcriptional profiles of mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal plants infected by F. solani were compared using RNA-Seq. RESULTS: Infection with F. solani significantly reduced the dry weight of apple roots, and the roots of mycorrhizal apple plants were less damaged when the plants were infected with F. solani. They also had enhanced activity of antioxidant enzymes and a reduction in the oxidation of membrane lipids. A total of 1839 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained after mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal apple plants were infected with F. solani. A gene ontogeny (GO) analysis showed that most of the DEGs were involved in the binding of ADP and calcium ions. In addition, based on a MapMan analysis, a large number of DEGs were found to be involved in the response of mycorrhizal plants to stress. Among them, the overexpressed transcription factor MdWRKY40 significantly improved the resistance of the apple 'Orin' callus to F. solani and the expression of the resistance gene MdGLU by binding the promoter of MdGLU. CONCLUSION: This paper outlines how the inoculation of apple seedlings roots by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi responded to infection with F. solani at the transcriptional level. In addition, MdWRKY40 played an important role in the resistance of mycorrhizal apple seedlings to infection with F. solani.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
F. solani infection significantly reduced apple root dry weight.
- Taxon
- apple
Malus domesticae0 - Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- Infection with F. solanie0
- Interactor
- F. solani
_Sacc._5393379.jpg?width=60)
Fusarium solanie0pathogen - Outcome
- dry weight of apple rootse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Sacc._5393379.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Infection with F. solani significantly reduced the dry weight of apple roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhizal apple roots were less damaged following F. solani infection.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- mycorrhizale0
- Interactor
- F. solaniFusarium solanie0pathogen
- Second interactor
- arbuscular mycorrhizal fungie2symbiont
- Outcome
- roots of mycorrhizal apple plants were less damagede0
- Direction
- less damagede0
- Comparator
- non-mycorrhizale1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the roots of mycorrhizal apple plants were less damaged when the plants were infected with F. solani.”
e1“mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal plants infected by F. solani”
e2“arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhizal infected apple plants had enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- activity of antioxidant enzymese0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“They also had enhanced activity of antioxidant enzymes and a reduction in the oxidation of membrane lipids.”
t0“Apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhizal infected apple plants had reduced membrane lipid oxidation.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- oxidation of membrane lipidse0
- Direction
- reductione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“They also had enhanced activity of antioxidant enzymes and a reduction in the oxidation of membrane lipids.”
t0“Apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Comparison of infected mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal apple yielded 1839 differentially expressed genes.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Interactor
- F. solaniFusarium solanie0pathogen
- Outcome
- differentially expressed genes (DEGs)e0
- Value
- 1839e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A total of 1839 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained after mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal apple plants were infected with F. solani.”
Claim · model-written summary
Most differentially expressed genes were involved in ADP and calcium ion binding.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- binding of ADP and calcium ionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“most of the DEGs were involved in the binding of ADP and calcium ions.”
t0“Apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Many differentially expressed genes were involved in mycorrhizal plant stress responses.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- response of mycorrhizal plants to stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a large number of DEGs were found to be involved in the response of mycorrhizal plants to stress.”
t0“Apple”
Claim · model-written summary
MdWRKY40 overexpression significantly improved F. solani resistance in apple Orin callus.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Material
- Orine0
- Organ / stage
- calluse0
- Treatment
- overexpressed transcription factor MdWRKY40e0
- Interactor
- F. solaniFusarium solanie0pathogen
- Gene
- MdWRKY40e0
- Outcome
- resistance of the apple 'Orin' callus to F. solanie0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the overexpressed transcription factor MdWRKY40 significantly improved the resistance of the apple 'Orin' callus to F. solani”
Claim · model-written summary
MdWRKY40 bound the MdGLU promoter and increased resistance-gene expression.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Gene
- MdGLUe0
- Outcome
- expression of the resistance gene MdGLUe0
- Qualifier
- binding the promoter of MdGLUe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the expression of the resistance gene MdGLU by binding the promoter of MdGLU.”
t0“Apple”
The same questions in other papers
Fusarium solani · growth · Malus domestica (apple)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
infection · growth · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
7 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
6 papers more in this group
See all 10 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.