Abstract
Background: Pigeonpea is an important pulse-cum-grain legume crop of India. Major constraint in its production is the insects damage. Pod fly, Melanagromyza obtusa is of regular occurrence in South and Central India causing yield loss to the tune of 60 to 80 per cent particularly in late maturing pigeonpea crop. Due to its feeding habit as an internal borer, cultural, biological and mechanical methods are ineffective in reducing the damage due to pod fly and insecticides play a paramount role in managing their population under field conditions. Hence, present study have been aimed to evaluate the efficacy of different new pesticide chemistries against pod fly in pigeon pea ecosystem. Method: Two field experiments were conducted during Kharif 2019 and 2020 in RCBD using pigeonpea cv. GRG 811 with 14 treatments replicated twice. Two sprays were imposed at 15 days interval initiating from pod initiation stage. At maturity, number of damaged pods were recorded and expressed as percentage. Grain yield was recorded and benefit cost ratio was also worked out. Results: Among the screened insecticides, fipronil 4+thiamethoxam 4 SC @ 40+40 g a.i./ha followed by thiamethoxam 25 WG @ 50 g a.i./ha and fipronil 40+imidacloprid 40 WG @ 160+160 g a.i./ha provided better control of pod fly in terms of reduction in pod damage (69.54, 62.13 and 62.57%) and seed damage (72.51, 71.35 and 70.39%) respectively over untreated check. The average grain yield of 1577 kg/ha was highest in fipronil 4+thiamethoxam 4 SC @ 40+40 g a.i./ha followed by fipronil 40+imidacloprid 40 WG @ 160+160 g a.i./ha (1555.5 kg/ha) and thiamethoxam 25 WG @ 50 g a.i./ha (1536.5 kg/ha). Whereas, B: C was higher in fipronil 4+thiamethoxam 4 SC @ 40+40 g a.i./ha (2.84) and thiamethoxam 25 WG @ 50 g a.i./ha (2.83). Therefore these insecticides can be used for effective management of pod fly.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Fipronil plus thiamethoxam reduced pod damage by 69.54% versus untreated check.
- Taxon
- Pigeonpea
Cajanus cajant0 - Treatment
- fipronil 4+thiamethoxam 4 SC @ 40+40 g a.i./hae0
- Interactor
- Melanagromyza obtusa
Melanagromyza obtusat1pest - Outcome
- pod damagee0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 69.54e0
- Comparator
- untreated checke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fipronil 4+thiamethoxam 4 SC @ 40+40 g a.i./ha followed by thiamethoxam 25 WG @ 50 g a.i./ha and fipronil 40+imidacloprid 40 WG @ 160+160 g a.i./ha provided better control of pod fly in terms of reduction in pod damage (69.54, 62.13 and 62.57%) and seed damage (72.51, 71.35 and 70.39%) respectively over untreated check.”
t0“Pigeonpea”
t1“Melanagromyza obtusa”
Claim · model-written summary
Thiamethoxam reduced pod damage by 62.13% versus untreated check.
- Taxon
- PigeonpeaCajanus cajant0
- Treatment
- thiamethoxam 25 WG @ 50 g a.i./hae0
- Interactor
- Melanagromyza obtusaMelanagromyza obtusat1pest
- Outcome
- pod damagee0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 62.13e0
- Comparator
- untreated checke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“thiamethoxam 25 WG @ 50 g a.i./ha and fipronil 40+imidacloprid 40 WG @ 160+160 g a.i./ha provided better control of pod fly in terms of reduction in pod damage (69.54, 62.13 and 62.57%) and seed damage (72.51, 71.35 and 70.39%) respectively over untreated check.”
t0“Pigeonpea”
t1“Melanagromyza obtusa”
Claim · model-written summary
Fipronil plus imidacloprid reduced pod damage by 62.57% versus untreated check.
- Taxon
- PigeonpeaCajanus cajant0
- Treatment
- fipronil 40+imidacloprid 40 WG @ 160+160 g a.i./hae0
- Interactor
- Melanagromyza obtusaMelanagromyza obtusat1pest
- Outcome
- pod damagee0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 62.57%e0
- Comparator
- untreated checke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fipronil 40+imidacloprid 40 WG @ 160+160 g a.i./ha provided better control of pod fly in terms of reduction in pod damage (69.54, 62.13 and 62.57%) and seed damage (72.51, 71.35 and 70.39%) respectively over untreated check.”
t0“Pigeonpea”
t1“Melanagromyza obtusa”
Claim · model-written summary
Fipronil plus thiamethoxam reduced seed damage by 72.51%.
- Taxon
- PigeonpeaCajanus cajant0
- Treatment
- fipronil 4+thiamethoxam 4 SC @ 40+40 g a.i./hae0
- Interactor
- Melanagromyza obtusaMelanagromyza obtusat1pest
- Outcome
- seed damagee0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 72.51e0
- Comparator
- untreated checke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fipronil 4+thiamethoxam 4 SC @ 40+40 g a.i./ha followed by thiamethoxam 25 WG @ 50 g a.i./ha and fipronil 40+imidacloprid 40 WG @ 160+160 g a.i./ha provided better control of pod fly in terms of reduction in pod damage (69.54, 62.13 and 62.57%) and seed damage (72.51, 71.35 and 70.39%) respectively over untreated check.”
t0“Pigeonpea”
t1“Melanagromyza obtusa”
Claim · model-written summary
Thiamethoxam reduced seed damage by 71.35%.
- Taxon
- PigeonpeaCajanus cajant0
- Treatment
- thiamethoxam 25 WG @ 50 g a.i./hae0
- Interactor
- Melanagromyza obtusaMelanagromyza obtusat1pest
- Outcome
- seed damagee0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 71.35e0
- Comparator
- untreated checke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“thiamethoxam 25 WG @ 50 g a.i./ha and fipronil 40+imidacloprid 40 WG @ 160+160 g a.i./ha provided better control of pod fly in terms of reduction in pod damage (69.54, 62.13 and 62.57%) and seed damage (72.51, 71.35 and 70.39%) respectively over untreated check.”
t0“Pigeonpea”
t1“Melanagromyza obtusa”
Claim · model-written summary
Fipronil plus imidacloprid reduced seed damage by 70.39%.
- Taxon
- PigeonpeaCajanus cajant0
- Treatment
- fipronil 40+imidacloprid 40 WG @ 160+160 g a.i./hae0
- Interactor
- Melanagromyza obtusaMelanagromyza obtusat1pest
- Outcome
- seed damagee0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 70.39%e0
- Comparator
- untreated checke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fipronil 40+imidacloprid 40 WG @ 160+160 g a.i./ha provided better control of pod fly in terms of reduction in pod damage (69.54, 62.13 and 62.57%) and seed damage (72.51, 71.35 and 70.39%) respectively over untreated check.”
t0“Pigeonpea”
t1“Melanagromyza obtusa”
Claim · model-written summary
Fipronil plus thiamethoxam produced the highest average grain yield, 1577 kg/ha.
- Taxon
- PigeonpeaCajanus cajant0
- Treatment
- fipronil 4+thiamethoxam 4 SC @ 40+40 g a.i./hae0
- Outcome
- average grain yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 1577 kg/hae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The average grain yield of 1577 kg/ha was highest in fipronil 4+thiamethoxam 4 SC @ 40+40 g a.i./ha”
t0“Pigeonpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Fipronil plus imidacloprid produced grain yield of 1555.5 kg/ha.
- Taxon
- PigeonpeaCajanus cajant0
- Treatment
- fipronil 40+imidacloprid 40 WG @ 160+160 g a.i./hae0
- Outcome
- average grain yielde1
- Value
- 1555.5 kg/hae0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fipronil 40+imidacloprid 40 WG @ 160+160 g a.i./ha (1555.5 kg/ha)”
e1“The average grain yield of 1577 kg/ha was highest in fipronil”
t0“Pigeonpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Thiamethoxam produced grain yield of 1536.5 kg/ha.
- Taxon
- PigeonpeaCajanus cajant0
- Treatment
- thiamethoxam 25 WG @ 50 g a.i./hae0
- Outcome
- average grain yielde1
- Value
- 1536.5 kg/hae0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“thiamethoxam 25 WG @ 50 g a.i./ha (1536.5 kg/ha)”
e1“The average grain yield of 1577 kg/ha was highest in fipronil”
t0“Pigeonpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Fipronil plus thiamethoxam had a higher benefit cost ratio of 2.84.
- Taxon
- PigeonpeaCajanus cajant0
- Treatment
- fipronil 4+thiamethoxam 4 SC @ 40+40 g a.i./hae0
- Outcome
- B: Ce0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 2.84e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“B: C was higher in fipronil 4+thiamethoxam 4 SC @ 40+40 g a.i./ha (2.84)”
t0“Pigeonpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Thiamethoxam had a higher benefit cost ratio of 2.83.
- Taxon
- PigeonpeaCajanus cajant0
- Treatment
- thiamethoxam 25 WG @ 50 g a.i./hae0
- Outcome
- B: Ce0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 2.83e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“B: C was higher in fipronil 4+thiamethoxam 4 SC @ 40+40 g a.i./ha (2.84) and thiamethoxam 25 WG @ 50 g a.i./ha (2.83)”
t0“Pigeonpea”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend these insecticides for pod fly management.
- Taxon
- PigeonpeaCajanus cajant0
- Interactor
- Melanagromyza obtusaMelanagromyza obtusat1pest
- Outcome
- effective management of pod flye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Therefore these insecticides can be used for effective management of pod fly.”
t0“Pigeonpea”
t1“Melanagromyza obtusa”
The same questions in other papers
thiamethoxam · Melanagromyza obtusa · Cajanus cajan (pigeon pea)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
fipronil · Melanagromyza obtusa · Cajanus cajan (pigeon pea)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.